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American Journal of Physics

Superposition solutions to the Schrödinger equation

H. T. Williams

Published May 1, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

I present a method in the spirit of Green’s functions for generating bound state solutions to the Schrödinger equation. The method is demonstrated by generating ground state and excited state solutions to the one-dimensional, time-independent Schrödinger equation. Its applicability to the radial equation for two and three dimensions is also discussed.

DOI
10.1119/1.1466816

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I present a method in the spirit of Green’s functions for generating bound state solutions to the Schrödinger equation. The method is demonstrated by generating ground state and excited state solutions to the one-dimensional, time-independent Schrödinger equation. Its applicability to the radial equation for two and three dimensions is also discussed.
We found a simple procedure for the solution of the time - independent Schrodinger equation in one dimension without making any approximation. The wave functions are always periodic. Two difficulties may be encountered: one is to solve the equation E=U(x), where E and U(x) are the total and potential energies, respectively, and the other is to calculate the integral of the square root of U(x). If these calculations cannot be made analytically, it should then be performed by numerical methods. To find the energy and the wave function of the ground state, there is no need to calculate this integral, it is sufficient to find the classical turning points, that is to solve the equation E=U(x).
The work of Reading and Sigel on the solution of the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation for a particle moving in the presence of a collection of $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function potentials of arbitrary strength and position is generalized so that any arbitrary potential V(x)V(x)V(x) can be handled. A close connection is shown to exist between the methods described in this note and those, involving Jost functions, which have been developed for handling the radial Schr\"odinger equation in three dimensions.
A simple procedure has been found for the general solution of the time-independent Schrödinger Equation (SE) with the help of quantization of potential area in one dimension without making any approximation.Energy values are not dependent on wave functions. So, to find the energy values, it is enough to find the classic turning points of the potential function. Two different solutions were obtained, namely, symmetric and anti symmetric in bound states. These normalized wave functions are always periodic. It is enough to take the integral of the square root of the potential energy function to find the normalized wave functions. If these calculations cannot be made analytically, they should then be performed by numerical methods. The SE has been solved for a particle in many one-dimension and the spherical symmetric central potential well, the relativistic theory of Dirac as examples.
Abstract In this chapter we consider the time-independent Schrödinger equation for three spatial dimensions. Making use of the orbital angular momentum observables, including the Laplacian in spherical polar coordinates, and introducing an effective potential, we recast the three-dimensional Schrödinger as a one-dimensional differential equation for the reduced radial wave function. In this context we discuss conditions for the existence of bound states and an upper bound on the ground-state energy obtained from the Rayleigh-Ritz variational principle. As an example we then consider the bound-state solutions for the spherical potential well and discuss the conditions for it admitting a ground state. We then turn to the Coulomb potential representing the hydrogen atom and discuss methods for obtaining upper and lower bounds on the ground-state energy to explain the stability of matter. Finally, obtain the Laguerre-polynomial solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom, determine their energies and discuss their properties
By using a simple procedure the general solution of the time-independent radial Schrodinger Equation for spherical symmetric potentials was made without making any approximation. The wave functions are always periodic. It appears two diffucilties: one of them is the solution of the equation E= U(r), where E and U(r) are the total an effective potential energies, respectively, and the other is the calculation of the integral of the square root of U(r). If analytical calculations are not possible, one must apply numerical methods. To find the energy wave function of the ground state, there is no need for the calculation of this integral, it is sufficient to find the classical turning points, that is to solve the equation E=U(r).