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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Coherent coupling of a single Ca/sup +/ ion to a high finesse optical cavity field

Christoph Becher, Axel Kreuter, A.B. Mundt, Carlos Russo, Hartmut Häffner, Christian F. Roos, Jürgen Eschner, Ferdinand Schmidt‐Kaler, R. Blatt

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two experiments are performed to investigate the coherent interaction of a single Ca/sup +/ ion and a cavity field: first, Rabi oscillations are excited with short resonant laser pulses injected into the cavity, and second, change of the spontaneous emission rate are measured from the metastable D/sub 5/2 /level due to the cavity-enhanced vacuum field.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.2003.1314170

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arXiv:quant-ph/0202112•Physical Review Letters•Aug 13, 2002•304 citations
Two experiments are performed to investigate the coherent interaction of a single Ca/sup +/ ion and a cavity field: first, Rabi oscillations are excited with short resonant laser pulses injected into the cavity, and second, change of the spontaneous emission rate are measured from the metastable D/sub 5/2 /level due to the cavity-enhanced vacuum field.
Abstract The presence of mirrors modifies both the coherent coupling of an atom to a light mode and its spontaneous emission into the mode [1]. We study such cavity QED effects experimentally with single ions and optical cavities. We focus on two examples which are equally interesting as fundamental systems and for application in quantum information processing. (i) By retroreflecting the fluorescence of a single trapped Ba+ ion with a mirror 25 cm away, we observe inhibition and enhancement of the atom's spontaneous emission. When two ions are trapped, the distant mirror creates super‐ and subradiance. (ii) With a single trapped Ca+ ion we demonstrate coherent coupling of its narrow S1/2 – D5/2 “qubit” transition to a mode of a high‐finesse optical cavity. We also achieve deterministic coupling of the cavity standing wave to the ion's vibrational state by controlling the ion's position with nanometer‐precision and selectively exciting vibrational state‐changing transitions.
Summary form only given. Recently, cavity QED has produced spectacular advances exploiting the interaction of atoms and photons. A prominent example is the observation of atomic trajectories via the cavity field. In some cases however, the well determined atom-field coupling in those experiments is offset by the lack of control over the motion of the atom. This is detrimental, for example, to the implementation of deterministic dynamics in the system, since neither the arrival time nor the position (and hence the strength of interaction) of an atom is known in advance. These problems are avoided when a single trapped ion interacts with the optical field, as is the case in our cavity-QED system. For coupling to the optical field, we have chosen the D/sub 3/2/ to P/sub 1/2/ transition in /sup 40/Ca/sup +/.
In this thesis, a model system of quantum optics is experimentally studied - a single atom coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity. Upon excitation with laser pulses, the atom-cavity system undergoes vacuum Rabi oscillations between the atom and the cavity field. This is accompanied by the controlled emission of single photons. The optical resonator also enables efficient state detection of single neutral atoms. We introduce a method based on cavity-enhanced fluorescence and achieve a fidelity of 99.4 % for the detection of the atomic hyperfine state within 85 µs. Further, this thesis presents experiments on electromagnetically induced transparency with a single atom and on phase shaping of single photon wave packets. The atom-cavity system has promising applications in quantum information science.
We investigate the spontaneous emission lifetime of a single trapped (40)Ca+ ion placed at different positions in the vacuum standing wave inside a high finesse cavity which is stabilized to the atomic transition. The lifetime is measured by quantum state detection after pi-pulse excitation. The result for the natural lifetime of the D(5/2) metastable state of 1161(22) ms agrees, within 1 standard deviation, with the most precise published value. We observe a reduction of the spontaneous emission lifetime of approximately 15% in the node of the vacuum field.
The quadrupole S(1/2)-D(5/2) optical transition of a single trapped Ca+ ion, well suited for encoding a quantum bit of information, is coherently coupled to the standing wave field of a high finesse cavity. The coupling is verified by observing the ion's response to both spatial and temporal variations of the intracavity field. We also achieve deterministic coupling of the cavity mode to the ion's vibrational state by selectively exciting vibrational state-changing transitions and by controlling the position of the ion in the standing wave field with nanometer precision.