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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Static properties of one-dimensional generalized Landau liquids

J. M. P. Carmelo, Peter Horsch, Alexander A. Ovchinnikov

Published Apr 1, 1992• 43 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The forward scattering f functions of the exact one-dimensional Landau theory are evaluated for the case of the Hubbard chain. The static charge and spin susceptibilities of the interacting system at arbitrary magnetic fields are derived as in a Fermi liquid. The connection to conformal field theory is studied in detail. All the critical exponents associated with the asymptotic behavior of the correlation functions are fully determined by the pseudoparticle interactions.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.45.7899

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Advanced series in mathematical physics•May 1, 1994•0 citations
The forward scattering f functions of the exact one-dimensional Landau theory are evaluated for the case of the Hubbard chain. The static charge and spin susceptibilities of the interacting system at arbitrary magnetic fields are derived as in a Fermi liquid. The connection to conformal field theory is studied in detail. All the critical exponents associated with the asymptotic behavior of the correlation functions are fully determined by the pseudoparticle interactions.
We use the Landau-liquid character of the low-energy eigenstate spectrum of the Hubbard chain in a magnetic field to investigate its two-particle spectral properties. The picture that emerges is that of a gas of two coupled fluids of pseudoparticles. The kinetic equations that govern the flow of pseudoparticles are derived. The macroscopic currents are expressed in terms of the elementary pseudoparticle currents. As a central result we evaluate in the limit of zero momentum the wave function for the electronic excitations obtained by applying the up-spin and down-spin density-fluctuation operators on the ground state. This wave function is calculated on the basis of the pseudoparticle single-pair eigenstates. It is defined by the microscopic two-particle matrix elements of the corresponding fluctuations taken between the ground state and the elementary excitations. The on-site interaction U, electronic density n, and magnetic field H dependence of these matrix elements, which play a major role in the two-particle spectral functions, provide relevant information on the microscopic foundation of the one-dimensional Landau-liquid theory. This leads to the introduction of an adiabatic continuity principle, which is valid in the Hilbert subspace of the pseudoparticle single-pair eigenstates of lowest energy and momentum. The non-Landau-liquid character of the zero-magnetic-field L\"uttinger phase, where such an adiabatic continuity principle is not valid, is explained.Exact expressions for the two-pseudoparticle forward-scattering amplitudes and for the charge-charge and spin-spin correlation functions at small momentum and low frequency are obtained. The dependence of the charge and spin stiffnesses of the conductivity spectra on U, n, and H, which is determined by the pseudoparticle transport masses, is investigated in detail. The study of these masses and of the effective charge and spin projection of the pseudoparticles gives information on their structure in the electronic representation. It is shown that the decoupling that characterizes the low-energy excitation spectrum does not correspond in the case of finite magnetic fields to a real charge-spin separation. Our results provide a method for the study of the low-frequency dynamics of interacting systems solvable with the Bethe ansatz, and we identify the spectral parameters that control the nonclassical critical exponents with microscopic two-electron matrix elements.
The authors introduce a new representation of the Bethe ansatz solutions for 1D Luttinger liquids which describes the spectral properties and asymptotic behaviour of the correlation functions of the 1D Hubbard model in terms of the renormalized interaction of charge and spin pseudoparticles. The study of the low-lying eigenstates is reduced to the familiar languages of band theory and of the Fermi liquid. The authors results provide a better understanding of the decoupling of charge and spin degrees of freedom in 1D interacting systems, generalize the concept of a Landau liquid and may be relevant to the physics of higher dimensional systems.
The authors introduce a new representation of the Bethe ansatz solutions for 1D Luttinger liquids which describes the spectral properties and asymptotic behaviour of the correlation functions of the 1D Hubbard model in terms of the renormalized interaction of charge and spin pseudoparticles. The study of the low-lying eigenstates is reduced to the familiar languages of band theory and of the Fermi liquid. The authors results provide a better understanding of the decoupling of charge and spin degrees of freedom in 1D interacting systems, generalize the concept of a Landau liquid and may be relevant to the physics of higher dimensional systems.
It is shown that the Hubbard chain in a magnetic field of arbitrary strength H can be treated as a liquid of interacting pseudoparticles which at T=0 has only forward scattering. The excitation spectra can be understood in terms of particle-hole processes in the pseudoparticle renormalized bands. Within this framework, we are able to study in detail the low-temperature thermodynamics of the Hubbard model. Explicit expressions for the specific heat cv{\mathit{c}}_{\mathit{v}}cv​ for a nearly half-filled band and for values of the magnetic field close to the ferromagnetic saturated state are derived. The renormalized charge and spin masses which regulate the crossover regime to the exponential behavior of several physical quantities close to the metal-insulator and ferromagnetic transitions, respectively, are calculated.
An exact description is given of the long-distance behaviour of the one-dimensional t-J model at t=J. The authors employ the Bathe ansatz method and the finite-size scaling technique in conformal field theory. The charge and spin degrees of freedom are separated, and described by two independent c=1 conformal theories. The critical exponents for the charge, spin, electron and superconducting correlation functions are obtained for arbitrary band filling. The authors then make detailed comparison of the t-J model with the repulsive Hubbard model with emphasis on the Luttinger liquid properties. Analysing the electron filling dependence they observe the enhancement of the superconducting correlations compared with the highly correlated Hubbard model. The effect of the external magnetic field at and near half-filling is also discussed.
An exact description is given of the long-distance behaviour of the one-dimensional t-J model at t=J. The authors employ the Bathe ansatz method and the finite-size scaling technique in conformal field theory. The charge and spin degrees of freedom are separated, and described by two independent c=1 conformal theories. The critical exponents for the charge, spin, electron and superconducting correlation functions are obtained for arbitrary band filling. The authors then make detailed comparison of the t-J model with the repulsive Hubbard model with emphasis on the Luttinger liquid properties. Analysing the electron filling dependence they observe the enhancement of the superconducting correlations compared with the highly correlated Hubbard model. The effect of the external magnetic field at and near half-filling is also discussed.