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The Review of Laser Engineering

Ultrashort Optical Pulse Squeezing in Nonlinear Fibers.

Masahiro Takeoka, Daisuke Fujishima, Fumihiko Kannari

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Concepts and experimental works of ultrashort optical pulse squeezing in nonlinear fibers are reviewed. In a nonlinear fiber, optical fields are squeezed or quantum mechanically correlated by optical Kerr effect. These are, however, unobservable by direct photo-detection. Three kinds of strategies to extract the detectable squeezing have been proposed and implemented experimentally. Recent studies on applications of these squeezed pulses or the intrapulse quantum correlations to the generation of entangled states are also reviewed.

DOI
10.2184/lsj.30.443

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Concepts and experimental works of ultrashort optical pulse squeezing in nonlinear fibers are reviewed. In a nonlinear fiber, optical fields are squeezed or quantum mechanically correlated by optical Kerr effect. These are, however, unobservable by direct photo-detection. Three kinds of strategies to extract the detectable squeezing have been proposed and implemented experimentally. Recent studies on applications of these squeezed pulses or the intrapulse quantum correlations to the generation of entangled states are also reviewed.
Abstract Quantum squeezed states of light characterized by a reduced quantum uncertainty with respect to one of the quadrature variables smaller than the uncertainty of the vacuum state (the standard quantum limit) play an important role in the current fundamental and applied research. The main information concerning the proprieties and manifestations of the squeezed states are presented. A concise review of the methods for obtaining and detecting the quantum squeezed light is performed; at that, a special attention is payed to fiber-optical schemas. The Kerr mechanism of squeezed state generation that is realized in various variants of fiber-optic systems is considered in detail. An experimental scheme of generation of polarization-squeezed states based on a nonlinear polarization-maintaining fiber is presented. Different factors that limit squeezing are considered.
Optical fibers offer considerable advantages over bulk nonlinear media for the generation of squeezed states. This thesis reports on experimental investigations of reducing quantum noise by means of squeezing in nonlinear fiber optic interferometers. Fibers have low insertion loss which allows for long interaction lengths. High field intensities are easily achieved in the small cores of single mode fibers. Additionally, the nonlinear process employed is self phase modulation or the Kerr effect, whose broad band nature requires no phase matching and can be exploited with ultra-short pulses of high peak intensity. All these advantageous features of fibers result in easily obtained large nonlinear phase shifts and subsequently large squeezing parameters. By the self phase modulation process a correlation is produced between the phase and amplitude fluctuations of the optical field. The attenuated or squeezed quadrature has a lower noise level than the initial level associated with the coherent state field before propagation. The resulting reduced quantum noise quadrature can be utilized to improve the sensitivity of a phase measuring instrument such as an interferometer.