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Laser-controlled adsorption of Na atoms in evanescent wave spectroscopy

Vladimir G Bordo, Horst‐Günter Rubahn

Published Jan 18, 1999• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new spectroscopic technique for studying adsorption of atoms at a transparent dielectric surface is exploited. A quantitative comparison of the Autler-Townes splitting in measured and calculated, surface temperature-dependent two-photon evanescent wave spectra provides values of the adsorption energy, the preexponential factor for the rate of desorption and the polarizability of alkali atoms, adsorbed on a glass surface. It is speculated that this technique could form the basis for future two-photon control of atoms close to dielectric surfaces.

DOI
10.1364/oe.4.000059

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A new spectroscopic technique for studying adsorption of atoms at a transparent dielectric surface is exploited. A quantitative comparison of the Autler-Townes splitting in measured and calculated, surface temperature-dependent two-photon evanescent wave spectra provides values of the adsorption energy, the preexponential factor for the rate of desorption and the polarizability of alkali atoms, adsorbed on a glass surface. It is speculated that this technique could form the basis for future two-photon control of atoms close to dielectric surfaces.
We present a new spectroscopic technique which utilizes evanescent waves at a gas/glass prism interface for studying adsorption/desorption processes. We have measured the Autler-Townes splitting in the two-evanescent wave fluorescence spectrum of Na atoms in the gas phase as a function of the temperature of a prism surface. A quantitative comparison of measured with calculated spectra has provided values of the adsorption energy, pre-exponential factor for the rate of desorption and linear polarizability of adsorbed Na atoms. A possible extension of this technique to the case of surface plasmon excitation at a metal surface is also exploited.
Non-intrusive laser-spectroscopical methods for the diagnostics of the gas-surface interaction in the near-field of a dielectric surface have been developed both experimentally and theoretically. The techniques base on either two-photon evanescent wave excitation or combined evanescent-volume wave excitation. Spectra obtained for sodium atoms at a glass-vacuum interface are quantitatively reproduced by a rigorous theoretical approach. In the case of pure evanescent wave excitation the excitation conditions can be chosen such that either the velocity distribution of desorbing atoms is determined or that atom-surface interaction parameters (polarizability of the adsorbed atoms, desorption rate, sticking coefficient) are obtained from the Autler- Townes splitting of the two-photon lines. By the use of combined evanescent-volume wave excitation one is able to distinguish optically between different groups of atoms interacting with the surface and one can extract their two- dimensional velocity distributions. In addition, information is obtained about superelastic scattering of the atoms interacting with the dielectric substrate.
Summary form only given. Reflection spectroscopy at a dielectric/atomic vapor interface allows one to study the properties of atoms close to a surface, within a depth of the order of the optical wavelength. We report on the use of evanescent wave spectroscopy to determine the temperature dependence of the adsorption time of Cs atoms on the pyrex window of an ordinary optical cell. Saturated absorption (SA) spectroscopy in a vapor is known to be a velocity selective technique, yielding Doppler-free spectra. In the presence of velocity changing collisions, SA spectroscopy can also provide information on the velocity redistribution (the collision kernel) provided that the pumping effect has not been totally washed out in the course of the collisional process.
We carry out the first time-resolved measurement of Rb atoms desorbing from octadecyltrichlorosilane coated surfaces by polarizing the atoms near the surface using an evanescent wave pump pulse and watching the subsequent intensity change of another evanescent wave probe beam, and find the mean adsorption (dwell) time to be about 400 ns at a cell body temperature of 112°C. The adsorption energy is found to be 0.19 eV from the surface temperature dependence of the adsorption time. This method can be extended to study the adsorption/desorption process of other alkali atoms on other surfaces of transparent substrates with an ultimate time resolution limited by the flight time of atoms in the evanescent wave which is of the order of nanoseconds.
A method of the quantum adsorption of atoms on a surface is proposed and experimentally implemented. The loading of atoms into a surface potential well (adsorption) occurs due to the loss of kinetic energy in the process of the inelastic collision of two laser-excited atoms. This scheme is implemented for Rb atoms adsorbed on the surface of a YAG crystal. The possibility of producing microstructures of arbitrary shape that consist of atoms localized on the dielectric surface is also demonstrated.
A method of quantum adsorption of atoms on a surface has been proposed and experimentally implemented. Loading of atoms into a surface potential well (adsorption) was realized due to the loss of kinetic energy upon inelastic collision of two laser-excited atoms. This scheme was realized for Rb atoms adsorbed on the surface of a YAG crystal. The dependence of the quantum adsorption rate on the laser frequency has been investigated. A possibility of fabricating microstructures of arbitrary shape from atoms adsorbed on a dielectric surface is demonstrated and possibilities of producing nanostructures is discussed.