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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Self-diffraction and stimulated Brillouin scattering of opposite light waves in absorbing media

O. P. Zaskal'Ko, A. A. Zozulya, N. N. Panaioti, Vladimir T Tikhonchuk

Published Jun 30, 1987• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A study was made of the characteristics of self-diffraction of opposite optical waves in the case of a thermal mechanism of grating formation. The main factor limiting the self-diffraction efficiency was found to be a low-threshold absolute instability of the optical wave due to stimulated Brillouin scattering. The conditions were found under which the radiation generated by stimulated Brillouin scattering had a high spatial and temporal coherence.

DOI
10.1070/qe1987v017n06abeh009309

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A study was made of the characteristics of self-diffraction of opposite optical waves in the case of a thermal mechanism of grating formation. The main factor limiting the self-diffraction efficiency was found to be a low-threshold absolute instability of the optical wave due to stimulated Brillouin scattering. The conditions were found under which the radiation generated by stimulated Brillouin scattering had a high spatial and temporal coherence.
A theoretical analysis is made of the transformation of light waves by optically induced amplitude-phase gratings of different order in a saturable absorbing medium. Allowance is made for gratings appearing; due to the absorption saturation and inhomogeneous heating of the medium. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the higher-order gratings may play a considerable role in the diffraction process. The contributions made by multistage and direct mechanisms to the n-th order diffraction are calculated. Estimates are obtained of the conditions which must be satisfied by the intensity and duration of radiation pulses, as well as by the optical properties and thickness of the absorbing medium, for these contributions to be comparable.
Summary form only given. There are a number of the well-known kinds of stimulated scattering in Nd:YAG laser crystals, including Raman scattering, Brillouin scattering, and thermal scattering. In this report we present for the first time the study of another type of stimulated scattering of the light beam with resonance frequency in the inverted media. The mechanism of this stimulated scattering is connected with the diffraction of the original beam on the moving refractive index grating caused by the wave of the metastable level population induced by the interference field of the incident wave and the scattered wave.
Acousto-optic soliton generation via stimulated Brillouin self-scattering is predicted for light propagating at the speed of sound under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. As in stimulated Raman self-scattering, the frequency of the electromagnetic component is gradually Stokes shifted as its intensity increases; the acoustic component has no carrier frequency. This phenomenon is explained by the possibility of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering, which is forbidden in nondispersive media. In contrast to stimulated Raman self-scattering, the Stokes shift of the electromagnetic component approaches a constant limit after the pulse has propagated to a certain distance. It is shown that the predicted soliton generation does not involve any threshold condition and can occur at extremely low input pulse intensities.
Nonlinear optics normally involves the change in the susceptibility of a material due to the presence of optical radiation. In many cases, the light-matter interaction produces a change in the refractive index of the medium, as occurs in photorefractive media, as well as in Kerr-like media, Brillouin-active media and absorbing media with thermallyinduced refractive index changes. Such nonlinear refractive index variation corresponds to a change in the real part of the optical susceptibility %. In resonant materials, the optical radiation induces stimulated emission (or absorption) causing transfer of population between different energy states of the medium. This can lead to saturation of the amplification (or absorption) corresponding to changes in the imaginary part of the susceptibility x= i2odk where the amplitude gain coefficient a(I) is a saturable function of the intensity /, and k is the magnitude of the wavevector of the optical radiation. The interference of two (or more) coherent beams I(x) in the laser amplifier can cause a modulation of the population inversion N(x). This modulation of the inversion is commonly known as spatial hole burning in lasers and leads to formation of a gain-grating a(x) = 1/2GN(X) where G is the stimulated emission cross-section. The gain grating can act as a very efficient diffractive optical element exhibiting high diffraction efficiency that may be even greater than unity [16] and also very high phase conjugate reflectivity using four-wave mixing (FWM) geometries [5-7].
When a high-intensity laser beam passes through a transparent and homogeneous optical medium, the induced light scattering may manifest the properties of stimulated radiation characterized by threshold requirement, high directionality, and high brightness. This is the stimulated scattering of intense coherent light. Discoveries and studies of various types of stimulated scattering effects have provided a much deeper and more comprehensive understanding of interactions between the intense coherent light and matter. On the other hand, devices based on stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and stimulated spin-flip Raman scattering can be employed as highly efficient tunable frequency shifters of coherent light. Stimulated Kerr scattering can be used to generate a super-broadband coherent light and to investigate the molecular anisotropy of liquids. In addition, the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering and stimulated Mie scattering can significantly reduce the threshold requirement, and provide a highly efficient no-frequency-shift optical phase conjugation wave.