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International Journal of Modern Physics B

IMPROVEMENT TO RANDOM PHASE APPROXIMATION IN THEORY OF STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS

Yu. A. Izyumov, Jon Henderson

Published Jun 30, 1994• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We include an additional diagram in the bare electron-electron vertex within the generalised random phase approximation (GRPA) for the t-J model. The equation for the effective electron-electron vertex becomes more complicated but is solved exactly for the simple cubic lattice. The dynamical magnetic susceptibility obtained is the same as in GRPA but with all quantities renormalised. Instability of the paramagnetic phase with respect to the formation of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering is studied. Formulae for Curie and Neel temperatures are obtained. The additional diagram leads to an extension of the antiferromagnetic region and a reduction in the ferromagnetic region.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979294000774

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Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Jan 15, 1999•0 citations
We include an additional diagram in the bare electron-electron vertex within the generalised random phase approximation (GRPA) for the t-J model. The equation for the effective electron-electron vertex becomes more complicated but is solved exactly for the simple cubic lattice. The dynamical magnetic susceptibility obtained is the same as in GRPA but with all quantities renormalised. Instability of the paramagnetic phase with respect to the formation of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering is studied. Formulae for Curie and Neel temperatures are obtained. The additional diagram leads to an extension of the antiferromagnetic region and a reduction in the ferromagnetic region.
On the basis of a regular perturbation theory in the form of diagrammatic technique with X-operators, a ferromagnetic state in the Hubbard model with infinite on-site Coulomb interaction U is studied for a wide range of electron concentration n. Treating the kinetic energy of electrons as perturbation, we get the exact graphic representations for three Green’s functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for electrons with spin ↑ and ↓ (spontaneous magnetic moment is in ↑ direction) and [Formula: see text] for spin waves. All of them are expressed through the unique system of four-point and three-point vertex parts for effective electron-magnon and electron-electron interactions. These vertex parts are calculated in two approximations: a low-density approximation for n≪1 or nh=1–n≫1, and the generalized random-phase approximation (GRPA), which was suggested earlier by us for the description of paramagnetic phase in this model. An important result in both cases is the understanding of essential difference of electron states with spin ↑ and ↓. The state for ↑ has coherent character in all region of electron concentration (n>nc) where a ferromagnetic state exists, while the state for spin ↓ has mixed characters including both coherent and incoherent contribution. For the saturated ferromagnetism (n>ns) when nh≪1, [Formula: see text] is an entirely incoherent (nonquasiparticle) state. Appearance of incoherent state is probably a general property of strongly correlated systems distinguishing its behavior from the Fermi liquid. We show also that the Hubbard-I approximation has no region of applicability for the electron with spin ↓ in a ferromagnet and we found a new factor describing the correlation-narrowing of ↓ spin electron band. Green’s function [Formula: see text] calculated in two different limits n≪1 and nh≪1, are jointed together to allow us to calculate ns which lies in the intermediate concentration regime. For simple cubic lattice we found ns=0.87. In the limit nh≪1 our results reduce to the earlier known ones, including Nagaoka’s result for the spin wave energy. We point out the way to construct a rigorous theory for ferromagnetic state in the intermediate range of electron concentration. In the conclusion several important problems are discussed in connection to the continuation of the present work.
The Hubbard model in the limit of strong Coulomb interaction (the (t-J) model) is studied by the diagram technique for Hubbard operators. The generalized random-phase approximation (GRPA) is formulated as an approximation taking into account electron loop-type diagrams. Within the framework of this approximation, both the dynamic magnetic and dielectric susceptibilities are calculated for a wide interval of electron concentrations, 0<n<1. The magnetic susceptibility shows a crossover in the magnetic behaviour of the system from pure itinerant magnetism to magnetism with localized magnetic moments. The crossover occurs at a critical point, nc, when the chemical potential for electrons of the lower Hubbard band changes sign. Magnetic phase diagrams are constructed on the (t/U, n) plane at T=0 for different types of crystal lattices. The behaviour of magnetic phases with temperature is also studied. The GRPA leads to a too drastic crossover, especially at low temperatures, because of insufficient allowance for the charge and spin fluctuations on a site. Summation of special diagram series shows that the Gaussian fluctuations of the effective electric and magnetic fields lead to a smoother picture of the crossover.
The authors construct a diagram technique for the (t-J) model Hamiltonian expressed in terms of Hubbard operators. This technique combines features of the diagram technique for normal Fermi systems and those for the Heisenberg model with spin operators. The general graphic structure is identified for one-particle Green functions composed of Hubbard operators. The (t-J) model has logical consistency, is reasonably simple and can serve as a working tool in exploring various properties of this model. To an approximation that resides in summing ladder-type diagrams with antiparallel electron lines, the authors calculate the system's magnetic susceptibility. A formula is derived which reflects the dual nature of the magnetic states in the Hubbard model; this duality manifests itself in the presence of a localised and an itinerant contribution in the bare susceptibility. The authors trace how the relative value of the localised contribution varies as the electron concentration is increased from 0 to 1. With n>2/3, the paramagnetic phase of the system becomes unstable with respect to the occurrence of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering. A magnetic phase diagram for zero temperature is constructed on the (t/U, n) plane.
A strongly correlated electronic system is studied within the framework of the t-J model with the help of diagram technique for the Hub- bard X-operators.The summing of some series of diagrams is suggested, corresponding to the following three types of approximations: the generalized random phase approximation, the mean field approximation, and the low density approximation.In generalized random phase approximation the dynamic magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic phase is calculated, and boundaries of stability of this phase are found on the plane of Hamiltonian parameters and electron concentration n.It is shown that at some critical concentration nc the system undergoes a crossover from the itinerant magnetism (n < n c ) to the magnetism with localized magnetic moments (n > n c ). Simultaneously, the system transfers from the Fermi-liquid beh a v i o u r t o t h e r e g i m e o f s t r o n g e l e c t r o n c o r r e l a t i o n s w i t h n o n q u a s i p a r t i c l e states.In mean field approximation equations for the order parameters were derived and phase transitions temperatures in a ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases were obtained.In low density approximation a state of the saturated ferromagnetism was investigated and a critical concentration n $ was calculated when the nonsaturated ferromagnetism follows the saturated ferromagnetism.
In this paper, we revisit the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase diagram of the single-band three-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model on a simple cubic lattice studied within the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). Although this problem has been investigated extensively in the literature, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the different one- and, in particular, two-particle local correlation functions of DMFT on the AF transition temperature is still missing. We have, hence, performed a fluctuation diagnostics of TNT_NTN​ with respect to different local bosonic fluctuations (charge, spin, particle-particle) contained in the two-particle vertex of DMFT. Our results indicate that, beyond weak coupling, the screening of the DMFT vertex by local fluctuations leads to an enhancement of TNT_NTN​ with respect to a random phase approximation (RPA) like calculation where this vertex is replaced by the bare interaction. The overall suppression of TNT_NTN​ in DMFT with respect to RPA is then solely due to the incoherence introduced by the DMFT self-energy in the one-particle Green's functions. This illustrates the Janus faced role of the local moment formation in the DMFT solution of the Hubbard model which leads to completely opposite effects in the one- and two-particle correlations functions.
A strong-coupling regime of the Hubbard model around half filling is investigated in the Hartree-Fock random-phase approximation. At half filling, besides a normal solution that gives rise to antiferromagnetic instability at ${T=T}_{\mathrm{N}}^{\mathrm{RPA}}\ensuremath{\sim}U,$ we find a solution representing the paramagnetic phase of the Mott insulator, for which we obtain the N\'eel temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}\ensuremath{\sim}J$ in three-dimensional lattices. The solution is interpreted as the ferromagnetic band insulator depolarized by spin wave, the bound state of a particle-hole pair. Similarly, an anomalous metallic phase is derived from the Nagaoka ferromagnetic state. We evaluate TN{T}_{\mathrm{N}}TN​ as a function of doping concentration x to find that it vanishes at $x\ensuremath{\simeq}0.05$ for U/6t=4U/6t=4U/6t=4 in a simple cubic lattice.