Abstract
A new interpretation of the quantum theory is proposed, allowing an explanation of the origins of the theory principles and its mathematical formalism. In contrast to the hitherto interpretations it is based on the objective idealistic ontology in the version proposed by George Berkeley. The interpretation proposed explains-in consistence with the relativity theory - the results of the correlation experiments implying that an unobserved elementary particle does not exist objectively (beyond our consciousness) or that a quantum system makes a non-divisive unity bound through non-spacetime interactions. According to this interpretation, both these possibilities occur simultaneously.
A new interpretation of the quantum theory is proposed, allowing an explanation of the origins of the theory principles and its mathematical formalism. In contrast to the hitherto interpretations it is based on the objective idealistic ontology in the version proposed by George Berkeley. The interpretation proposed explains-in consistence with the relativity theory - the results of the correlation experiments implying that an unobserved elementary particle does not exist objectively (beyond our consciousness) or that a quantum system makes a non-divisive unity bound through non-spacetime interactions. According to this interpretation, both these possibilities occur simultaneously.
An interpretation of the quantum theory is proposed, allowing an explanation of the origins of the theory principles and its mathematical formalism. In contrast to the hitherto interpretations it is based on the ontology assuming existence of omniscience. The interpretation proposed explains ‐ in consistence with the relativity theory ‐ the results of the correlation experiments implying that an unobserved elementary particle does not exist objectively (beyond our consciousness) or that a quantum system makes o non-divisive unity bound through non-spacetime interactions. According to this interpretation, both these possibilities occur simultaneously.
In this paper, we shall show how the theory of measurements is to be understood from the point of view of a physical interpretation of the quantum theory in terms of "hidden" variables, developed in a previous paper. We find that in principle, these "hidden" variables determine the precise results of each individual measurement process. In practice, however, in measurements that we now know how to carry out, the observing apparatus disturbs the observed system in an unpredictable and uncontrollable way, so that the uncertainty principle is obtained as a practical limitation on the possible precision of measurements. This limitation is not, however, inherent in the conceptual structure of our interpretation. We shall see, for example, that simultaneous measurements of position and momentum having unlimited precision would in principle be possible if, as suggested in the previous paper, the mathematical formulation of the quantum theory needs to be modified at very short distances in certain ways that are consistent with our interpretation but not with the usual interpretation.We give a simple explanation of the origin of quantum-mechanical correlations of distant objects in the hypothetical experiment of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, which was suggested by these authors as a criticism of the usual interpretation.Finally, we show that von Neumann's proof that quantum theory is not consistent with hidden variables does not apply to our interpretation, because the hidden variables contemplated here depend both on the state of the measuring apparatus and the observed system and therefore go beyond certain of von Neumann's assumptions.In two appendixes, we treat the problem of the electromagnetic field in our interpretation and answer certain additional objections which have arisen in the attempt to give a precise description for an individual system at the quantum level.
In glaring contrast to its indisputable century-old experimental success, the ultimate objects and meaning of quantum physics remain a matter of vigorous debate among physicists and philosophers of science. This article attempts to shed new light on the debate. It relies upon two comments by Albert Einstein on his general approach to physical theories. I draw their consequences for the definition of a physical theory's ontology, and next for the ontology of quantum physics - i.e. what it may ultimately be about. The quantum ontology thus derived appears to be strictly limited to evolving experimental contexts and instantaneous measurement outcomes, which are to be understood, respectively, as mere potential measurement outcomes and actual ones. The notions of material body in particular and physical system in general are absent from this ontology, hence the vanishing of Schroedinger's cat and EPR paradoxes, as well as of the quantum measurement problem. Apart from its ability to clear up well-known conundrums, this ontology reveals what quantum physics may fundamentally be - i.e. its possible ultimate meaning - namely a theory of general relativity of experimental context. On this basis, I conclude with a new conception of objectivity in the sciences of nature.
The article provides a critique of atomistic ontology and reductionism in explaining the nature of life and consciousness. As an alternative direction based on organic ontology, fundamental psychophysical principles and quantum-information approach, the concept of quantum monadology is proposed, the metaphysical foundations of which are given in the works of G. Leibniz and N. Lossky. A model of «elementary intelligence» in complementary unity with the elementary body is proposed. The premise of this representation is the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics. The wave function is interpreted as a prototype of consciousness, and the observed physical quantities are interpreted as a prototype of the material body of the monad given in its phenomenal experience. The probabilistic nature of the behavior of quantum particles is explained by the objective existence of chance and the activity of quantum objects, which, perhaps, should be considered as a potential basis for the formation of the psyche. To characterize the internal state of the monad, the concept of a color charge is introduced, which has the meaning of a binary information code, and the principle of dynamic complementarity is formulated. A model of the elementary «life cycle» of a quantum monad is constructed. Elementary intelligence is understood as the ability for intellectual activity, including the processing of information significant for life, as a result of which the existence of quantum monads is maintained and reproduced. A substantial justification of quantum Darwinism is given, and a hypothesis about the genesis and co-evolutionary development of the «elementary psyche» and physical body of monads in the process of global evolution is put forward. A conclusion is made about the possibility of constructing a model of quantum behavior and the synergetic interaction of monads that form more complex systems, as well as about the prospect of developing a quantum ontology of matter and consciousness. The construction of a model of «elementary natural intelligence» will contribute to the identification of fundamental ontological limitations in the development of strong artificial intelligence.
Quantum entanglement remains one of the most counterintuitive and challenging phenomena in modern physics, with existing interpretations often struggling to reconcile its nonlocal correlations with a coherent ontological framework. This work presents a novel, ontological identity-based explanation for quantum entanglement, positing that entangled particles maintain an fundamental existential unity rather than exhibiting isolated spooky action at a distance. The proposed framework resolves key conceptual paradoxes by redefining the nature of quantum individuality, establishing a consistent metaphysical foundation for the interpretation of non-local quantum correlations. To validate this approach, equilibrium state interference experiments are conducted, and the results are shown to align precisely with the predictions of the identity-based model. These findings not only provide a robust theoretical underpinning for quantum entanglement but also offer new directions for the foundational research in quantum mechanics, bridging the gap between abstract mathematical formalism and concrete physical ontology.
The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory is investigated from a philosophical point of view. It is justified the opinion that the philosophical attitude the Copenhagen interpretation is based on is in principle inevitable for a real comprehension of quantum theory. This attitude is mainly related to epistemological arguments. However, the measurement problem often seems not to be treated clearly enough within the interpretation. By referring to the property of the necessity to use macroscopic measurement instruments obeying classical concepts it is made the attempt to solve the measurement problem. According to this consideration the indeterministic character of quantum theory seems to have its origin in a lack of knowledge and thus it appears in a similar but more principle way than in statistical mechanics. It is emphasized the ontological character of the uncertainty relation and the related non locality of quantum theory suggesting that the existence of a position space is not as fundamental as the assumptions of general quantum theory.