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Optics Letters

Efficient cooling and trapping of strontium atoms

Irène Ventrillard, Audrey Quessada, Richard P. Kovacich, J.‐J. Zondy, Arnaud Landragin, Andr  Clairon, P. Lemonde

Published Mar 15, 2003• 48 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the capture of cold strontium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) at a rate of 4 x 10(10) atoms/s. The MOT is loaded from an atomic beam decelerated by a Zeeman slower operating with a focused laser beam. The 461-nm laser, used for both cooling and trapping, was generated by sum-frequency mixing in a KTP crystal with diode lasers at 813 nm and a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. As much as 115 mW of blue light was obtained.

DOI
10.1364/ol.28.000468

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•Sep 20, 2013•0 citations
We report the capture of cold strontium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) at a rate of 4 x 10(10) atoms/s. The MOT is loaded from an atomic beam decelerated by a Zeeman slower operating with a focused laser beam. The 461-nm laser, used for both cooling and trapping, was generated by sum-frequency mixing in a KTP crystal with diode lasers at 813 nm and a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. As much as 115 mW of blue light was obtained.
We report the capture of cold strontium atoms in a magnetooptical trap at a rate of 3/spl times/10/sup 10/ atoms/s. This is achieved with high power laser light at 461 nm generated by sum frequency mixing in a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystal using diode lasers at 813 nm and a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. Up to 115 mW of blue light is obtained. Tuned to the /sup 1/S/sub 0//spl rarr//sup 1/P/sub 1/ of /sup 88/Sr, this light is used both to slow down an atomic beam in a Zeeman slower and to capture the atoms in a magnetooptical trap. Trapping of /sup 87/Sr and /sup 86/Sr is also reported.
Optical atomic clocks have proven to be the most stable clocks with the lowest systematic uncertainty which has now reached a record level of (9.4 X10/(^{19}/)). Thus optical clocks now surpass the best fountain Cs atomic clocks by three orders of magnitude which opens the prospect of using optical clocks as frequency standards for timekeeping in the near future. \n \nThis thesis describes the progress that has been made towards a stationary optical lattice clock based on strontium atoms, and reports the results of an ongoing characterization. \n \nAn experimental apparatus was designed and built to efficiently slow, cool, and trap the strontium atoms which represent the heart of the strontium optical lattice clock discussed in this thesis. The novel aspects of the experimental development described in the thesis comprise a frequency doubling cavity for producing 461 nm laser light employed for cooling and trapping the strontium atoms in the first stage cooling. This cavity provided sufficient power for cooling and trapping the strontium atoms for up to 300 mW of 461 nm laser light. Furthermore, a new design of Zeeman slower based on spherical permanent magnets was produced, built and characterized. \n \nThe slower is compact, tunable, easy to assemble and maintain, and cost-effective as the permanent magnets do not require any power supply or water cooling. It is suggested that this kind of Zeeman slower constitutes an ideal solution for portable optical clock systems. A blue magneto-optical trap was realized for the first time with such a Zeeman slower. With about 30 mW of a 461 nm laser, up to 6X10/(^8/) atoms were captured.
We report the experimental realization of88Sr magneto-optical trap (MOT) operating at the wavelength of 461 nm and 689nm. The blue MOT is loaded via a 32 cm long spin-flip type Zeeman slower which enhances the MOT population by a factor of 44. We have trapped 1.6×10888Sr atoms with the use of 679nm and 707nm repumping laser. The88Sr cloud has a temperature of about 2.3 mK, measured by recording the time evolution of the absorption signal. The 689nm laser used in our experiment has a line width of about 200Hz. To optimize the transfer efficiency, the laser spectrum is broadened by frequency modulation technique to about 2 MHz. The transfer efficiency from blue MOT to red MOT is about 20%.
We report the experimental realization of a 88Sr magneto-optical trap (MOT) operating at the wavelength of 461 nm. The MOT is loaded via a 32 cm long spin-flip type Zeeman slower which enhances the MOT population by a factor of 22. The total laser power available in our experiment is about 300 mW. We have trapped 1.6 × 108 88Sr atoms with a 679nm and 707 nm repumping laser. The two repumping lasers enhance the trap population and trap lifetime by factors of 11 and 7, respectively. The 88Sr cloud has a temperature of about 2.3 mK, measured by recording the time evolution of the absorption signal.
The present work describes the methods used to obtain a sample of ultra cold atoms of strontium.The methods necessary for obtaining the sample are: a Zeeman decelerator and a two step magneto-optical trap (MOTs).The first MOT works on the blue transition 1 S 0 -1 P 1 while the second is operating on the red transition 1 S 0 -3 P 1 transition.In the first stage a laser operating at 497nm is used to drive the 3 P 2 -3 D 2 transition in order to prevent atoms accumulating in the 3 P 1 dark state.The last stage, after cooling, consists in a dipole trap for strontium atoms using only one laser beam with 1064nm wavelength.This trap is loaded by the transfer of a pre cooled atomic sample.We explain how the analysis and acquisition of the presented data are made.We also emphasize the importance of the obtained results for the current project as well as for future ones.