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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Coherent Control of the Polarization of Ultrashort Optical Pulses Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Masahiro Takeoka, Daisuke Fujishima, Fumihiko Kannari

Published Jan 1, 2001• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme of all-optical polarization switching in a four-level atomic system. In this scheme, the polarization state of an optical pulse is controlled by an another control pulse via a four-wave mixing (FWM) process between orthogonal components of a pulse. Using a sufficiently strong control pulse, a linear absorption loss during FWM is significantly suppressed, therefore the polarization can be controlled with high transmission efficiency. Since our scheme requires only one ground (stable) state, it is applicable to the excitonic systems of semiconductor quantum wells. Our numerical calculation, based on typical parameters of Pb-based inorganic-organic-layered perovskite-type materials, shows that, using ultrashort-pulse trains, polarization switching with a high repetition rate of more than 10 GHz is possible.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.40.137

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We propose a scheme of all-optical polarization switching in a four-level atomic system. In this scheme, the polarization state of an optical pulse is controlled by an another control pulse via a four-wave mixing (FWM) process between orthogonal components of a pulse. Using a sufficiently strong control pulse, a linear absorption loss during FWM is significantly suppressed, therefore the polarization can be controlled with high transmission efficiency. Since our scheme requires only one ground (stable) state, it is applicable to the excitonic systems of semiconductor quantum wells. Our numerical calculation, based on typical parameters of Pb-based inorganic-organic-layered perovskite-type materials, shows that, using ultrashort-pulse trains, polarization switching with a high repetition rate of more than 10 GHz is possible.
Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) refers to a phenomenon, whereby the optically resonant transition is rendered nearly transparent by applying a strong coupling laser field. The mechanism of EIT is usually explained in terms of quantum coherence or quantum interference. This EIT has attracted increasing interest because absorption associated with nonlinear optical processes can be removed. In the typical three-level /spl lambda/-system, which includes the ground state and the metastable state, when the atomic population is prepared in the superposition of the states by the coupling fields, the optical response of the media to the probe field is significantly modified. Since this is a coherent control of an electric field by another field via the atomic coherence, several schemes to control light coherently have been suggested. We propose an optical coherent control scheme of the polarization of optical pulses using the EIT quantum coherence, and numerically study its applicability to fast optical switching.
A nonlinear optical four-wave mixing scheme is presented and analysed for the generation of coherent light in a nearly four-level ladder-type atomic system in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We find that EIT can suppress nonlinear photon absorption and the peak of the generated mixing field is located at the centre of the transparency window where the loss is minimal, though there is a dip in the centre. Such a nonlinear optical process can also be used for generating coherent short-wavelength radiation.
We analyze a four-wave-mixing (FWM) scheme in a five-level atomic system based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that EIT suppresses both two-photon and three-photon absorptions in the FWM scheme and enables the four-wave mixing to proceed through real, resonant intermediate states without absorption loss. The scheme results in a several orders of magnitude increase in the FWM efficiency in comparison with a recent scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 143902 (2002)] and may be used for generating short-wavelength radiation at low pump intensities.
By use of an optical coherent-control technique we demonstrate and analyze the control of transitions involved in the generation of four-wave-mixing signals in a semiconductor quantum well for the two different four-wave-mixing directions and for different sequences of the excitation pulses. Results are presented for frequency- as well as for time-resolved signals. A doubling of the coherent switching frequency is found which occurs if the laser pulses performing the control process contribute quadratically to the wave-mixing signal. A direct comparison between experiment and microscopic theory reveals how the coherent-control process acts on the coherent polarization of the exciton-biexciton system in all different configurations. An additional interpretation of the experimental results based on a simplified few-level model is able to provide an intuitive understanding of the relevant processes which govern the coherent control of the excitonic and biexcitonic wave-mixing polarizations.
We have analyzed a five-level Λ-configuration four-wave mixing (FWM) scheme for obtaining high-efficiency FWM based on the two-electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the ultraslow propagation regime. We find that the maximum FWM efficiency is nearly 30%, which is orders of magnitude larger than previous schemes based on the two-EIT. Our scheme allows the possibility for new technological applications such as nonlinear spectroscopy at very low light intensity, quantum single-photon nonlinear optics and quantum information science.
We present a theoretical investigation on the quantum memory of photonic polarization qubits via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The system we consider is a tripod-shaped four-level atomic system working under the condition of a double EIT, by which the storage and retrieval of a single-photon polarization qubit are implemented through the switching off and on of a control laser field, and the storage efficiency and the quantum-state fidelity for qubit memory are both calculated. We show that the optimal optical depth for acquiring the maximum efficiency and maximum fidelity of the qubit memory can be obtained simultaneously, which can be further improved by suppressing the optical absorption and dispersion via the choice of the time duration of the input qubit pulse and the amplitude of the control field. We also carry out a calculation on the quantum memory of a single-photon qudit by considering a multipod-shaped atomic-level configuration. The results reported here are useful for understanding the quantum transmission property of slow lights with multiple components and helpful for experimental realizations of high-quality memory of photonic qubits and qudits.