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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Vapor diffusion and atom cooling by white light

Silvia Gozzini, Claudio Marinelli, E. Mariotti, C. Gabbanini, A. Lucchesini, L. Moi

Published Oct 28, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The resonant radiation pressure effect induced by `white' laser radiation is discussed. Experimental results on atomic beam deceleration and vapor compression induced by the resonance radiation pressure effect are reported. The `white' laser radiation has been simulated by a multimode long cavity dye laser.

DOI
10.1117/12.130410

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The resonant radiation pressure effect induced by white' laser radiation is discussed. Experimental results on atomic beam deceleration and vapor compression induced by the resonance radiation pressure effect are reported. The white' laser radiation has been simulated by a multimode long cavity dye laser.
The present state of research on the cooling of atomic ensembles by means of laser radiation pressure is discussed. First the basic theory of resonance radiation pressure is reviewed. The effect of recoil on the drift and fluctuations of the momentum of an atom interacting with resonance radiation is examined. There is an analysis of the forces acting on an atom in some simple light fields: a traveling plane wave, a Gaussian beam, and counterpropagating Gaussian beams. The review then focuses on the monochromatization of atoms by resonance radiation pressure and related methods for laser cooling of atoms. The roles played by the radiation pressure force and by momentum diffusion in shaping the narrow velocity distributions of the ensemble of atoms are analyzed. The lowest temperature obtainable in the radiation cooling of atoms is estimated. The basic experimental methods for laser cooling of atomic beams are described. Problems of the three-dimensional cooling of atomic ensembles and problems of localizing cold atoms in light fields, steady-state magnetic fields, and electrostatic fields are discussed. The review concludes with a discussion of some applications of cold atoms in high-precision spectroscopy, frequency standards, and atomic physics.
The resonance-radiation-pressure effect induced by a broadband long-cavity dye laser has been observed on sodium vapor confined in a capillary cell. The diffusion of the vapor has been studied as a function of laser intensity and vapor density, and the induced drift velocity has been measured. The time evolution of the vapor density is in agreement with the theoretical model under the hypothesis of optimized laser-vapor coupling. The drift velocity and the diffusion coefficient are shown instead to be larger than predicted, indicating an incomplete thermalization of the atoms at the cell walls.
We have used the resonance radiation pressure from 40 mW of cw dye laser light propagating axially down a tube filled with sodium vapor to increase the sodium pressure (density) up to 50% over a length of 20 cm. The magnitude of the effect agrees well with measurements of the absorbed power. These observations were made with the laser tuned to the low-frequency side of the sodium D2 resonance line; for tuning to the high-frequency side, an additional unexplained effect leading to density decreases was observed.