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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Solution of the Dimer Problem by the Transfer Matrix Method

Élliott H. Lieb

Published Dec 1, 1967• 121 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown how the monomer-dimer problem can be formulated in terms of a transfer matrix, and hence in terms of simple spin operators as was originally done for the Ising problem. Thus, we rederive the solution to the pure dimer problem without using Pfaffians. The solution is extremely simple once one sees how to formulate the transfer matrix.

DOI
10.1063/1.1705163

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Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Mar 1, 1985•280 citations
It is shown how the monomer-dimer problem can be formulated in terms of a transfer matrix, and hence in terms of simple spin operators as was originally done for the Ising problem. Thus, we rederive the solution to the pure dimer problem without using Pfaffians. The solution is extremely simple once one sees how to formulate the transfer matrix.
Abstract In this chapter we study the solution of the two-dimensional Ising model by means of the transfer matrix. Unlike the methods discussed in the previous chapter, the transfer matrix approach has greater generality and can used to solve exactly other two-dimensional models. Even if the general ideas behind this approach have been explained in Chapter 2 by means of the one-dimensional case, their application to the two-dimensional cases requires more powerful and sophisticated mathematical tools: for instance, the study the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix in the Ising model for T = Tcneeds to employ elliptic functions. The same is also true for other models. In order to present in the simplest possible way the main lines of this method, in the following we focus attention only on the solution of the model at T = Tcbecause this case can be analyzed in terms of simple trigonometric functions.
The two-dimensional dimer problem is studied using the tools of modern solvable models. The transfer matrix is constructed from local monodromy matrices, and is diagonalized by a modified Bethe Ansatz that does not begin with a Bethe ground state, but rather with a pair of states transformed one into the other by the transfer matrix. The resulting Bethe eigenvectors have a structure very different from those constructed in other models from a ground state, and have some properties in common with the free-fermion eigenvectors of the squared transfer matrix encountered in the literature. PACS Nos.: 05.50+q, 02.10.Ox, 02.30.Ik, 05.20.–y