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Physical Review Letters

Observation of Doppler-like redshift due to light interaction with matter

G. Cipparrone, Danilo Duca, Cesare Paolo Umeton, Nelson V. Tabiryan

Published Dec 13, 1993• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Self-phase modulation resulting from radiation influence on material parameters of a medium can, like the Doppler and gravitational redshifts, result in a nearly uniform frequency shift. This is confirmed experimentally by the use of the orientational mechanism of the interaction of a laser beam with a nematic liquid crystal. The self-induced frequency shift is proportional to light intensity and the distance light travels in the medium.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.71.3955

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Self-phase modulation resulting from radiation influence on material parameters of a medium can, like the Doppler and gravitational redshifts, result in a nearly uniform frequency shift. This is confirmed experimentally by the use of the orientational mechanism of the interaction of a laser beam with a nematic liquid crystal. The self-induced frequency shift is proportional to light intensity and the distance light travels in the medium.
The Doppler frequency shift of an optical wave can be made, not only by moving media, but by a moving boundary in a stationary medium. Especially, the reflected wave by the boundary is shifted by a large amount of the frequency, as the velocity of the boundary approaches the one of the light. The moving boundary in a stationary medium can be produced in a liquid, in nitro-benzene (C_6H_5NO_2) for example, by a high voltage pulse, transmitted along a strip line which is installed in a cell filled with the liquid. This paper describes, theoretically and experimentally, the Doppler frequency shift of a He-Ne laser by the moving boundary. The frequency of the light transmitted to the end of the cell is shifted by about 15MHz. The shifted frequency of the reflected light by the boundary has not, however, been observed yet, because the variation of the refractive index of the medium is too little. From the results of this paper the large amount of the frequency shift of the laser is highly expected if the medium with the large kerr constant is discovered in the near future.
We study the effect of resonant light pressure on the optical response of a Doppler-broadened atomic medium to a single monochromatic laser field. As a main consequence of the spontaneous scattering force, a novel contribution to the optical dispersion of the atomic gas is predicted, which shows a pronounced nonlinear intensity dependence; moreover, for a given laser intensity, its strength is closely related to the laser-beam diameter. Most importantly, this light-pressure-induced dispersion displays an even symmetry with respect to the optical Doppler detuning; as a result, the total dispersion curve of the medium can be changed substantially. In addition to a detailed theoretical description of the phenomenon, we propose a simple experiment based on frequency-modulation spectroscopy for the measurement of the predicted nonlinear dispersion feature.
It has recently been demonstrated both theoretically1-3 and experimentally4 that contrary to general belief, the spectrum of light emitted by a steady-state source depends, in general, not only on the source spectrum but also on the degree of correlation between the source fluctuations. When the source spectrum consists of a single line centered at frequency wo , the source correlation may cause the spectrum of the emitted light to be a line centered on a lower frequency < wo or at a higher frequency w'o > wA, depending on the particular form of the degree of correla?ion. Thus source correlations provide a new physical mechanism for redshifts or blueshifts of spectral lines. This newly discovered phenomenon is obviously-of particular interest for astronomy, where line shifts observed in the spectra of radiation from stellar objects have up to now always been assumed to be caused either by the motion of the stellar object relative to the observer (the Doppler effect) or as being due to gravitation. Examples of redshifted lines due to source correlations are shown in Fig. 1.
We report on the observation of a light-pressure-induced dispersion of laser light interacting with a Doppler-broadened atomic medium. This novel dispersion feature displays an even symmetry with respect to the optical Doppler detuning; it is due to the small modification of the atomic velocity distribution caused by the spontaneous scattering force. Our phase-sensitive measurements were performed on the $\ensuremath{\lambda}=555.65$ nm $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{3}P_{1}$ transition in ytterbium vapor by the use of frequency-modulation spectroscopy. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.