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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Magnetoelectric Jones birefringence and dichroism in a medium of free atoms

Polina V. Mironova, Vitalii D Ovsiannikov, V V Chernushkin

Published Nov 21, 2006• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Theoretical treatment of the magnetoelectric Jones birefringence and dichroism is developed through the bilinearity in static electric and magnetic field dipole-forbidden corrections to the amplitude of Rayleigh scattering. In particular cases of orientation of the static fields relative to the polarization and wave vectors of monochromatic radiation, the amplitude determines corrections to the refractive index of atomic gas responsible for (i) the Jones birefringence and dichroism, (ii) linear birefringence and dichroism and (iii) directional anisotropy for the monochromatic wave. The analytical equations and numerical data for the indicated corrections, calculated for alkaline-earth-like atoms, determine optimal conditions for observing the effects in vapours. For resonance on 1D2 state essential enhancement is discovered in the frequency dependence for the ratio of refractive index anisotropy of the Jones effect to the square-root product of corresponding anisotropies determining the Kerr and Cotton–Mouton effects.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/39/23/016

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Theoretical treatment of the magnetoelectric Jones birefringence and dichroism is developed through the bilinearity in static electric and magnetic field dipole-forbidden corrections to the amplitude of Rayleigh scattering. In particular cases of orientation of the static fields relative to the polarization and wave vectors of monochromatic radiation, the amplitude determines corrections to the refractive index of atomic gas responsible for (i) the Jones birefringence and dichroism, (ii) linear birefringence and dichroism and (iii) directional anisotropy for the monochromatic wave. The analytical equations and numerical data for the indicated corrections, calculated for alkaline-earth-like atoms, determine optimal conditions for observing the effects in vapours. For resonance on 1D2 state essential enhancement is discovered in the frequency dependence for the ratio of refractive index anisotropy of the Jones effect to the square-root product of corresponding anisotropies determining the Kerr and Cotton–Mouton effects.
Theoretical treatment of the magnetoelectric Jones birefringence and dichroism is developed through the bilinear in static electric and magnetic field dipole-forbidden corrections to the amplitude of Rayleigh scattering. In particular cases of orientation of the static fields relative the polarization and wave vectors of monochromatic radiation, the amplitude determines corrections to the refractive index of atomic gas responsible for (i) the Jones birefringence and dichroism, (ii) linear birefringence and dichroism and (iii) directional anisotropy for the monochromatic wave. The analytical equations and numerical data for the indicated corrections, calculated for alkali atoms, determine optimal conditions for observing the effects in vapours. For resonance on D state essential enhancement is discovered in the frequency dependence for the ratio of refractive index anisotropy of the Jones effect to the square-root product of corresponding anisotropy determining the Kerr and Cotton-Mouton effects.
The Jones effect in a medium of free atoms exposed to static electric and magnetic fields is a useful tool for determining details of an atomic structure. For atoms in their nS ground states irradiated by a monochromatic wave in resonance with a single-photon transition to an n' D state, the bilinear Jones effect is not shaded by the quadratic Kerr and Cotton–Mouton effects, nor by the linear in magnetic field Faraday effect. The position and shape of the amplitude resonance may provide information on spectroscopic properties of atomic levels. We generalize equations for the Jones-effect amplitude to the case of a doublet structure of energy levels and calculate corresponding parameters for alkali atoms. General equations are derived for the amplitude dependence on the relative orientation of the static electric and magnetic fields and on the angle between the static field and the major axis of the wave polarization vector. These equations demonstrate explicitly that the three bilinear-in-static-fields optical birefringence effects—(i) the Jones birefringence (in parallel fields), (ii) the linear birefringence and (iii) the directional birefringence (the last two in perpendicular fields)—correspond to particular cases of the bilinear-in-static-fields correction to the amplitude of Rayleigh forward scattering.
A theoretical analysis is made of changes in the polarization parameters of an electromagnetic wave as a result of its passage through a medium with an anisotropic refractive index. Formulas are obtained for the transformation of the Stokes parameters corresponding to the Faraday, Cotton–Mouton, and Kerr effects in a partly polarized wave. A study is made of changes in the polarization parameters of a weak wave in the presence of strong radiation. The rotation of the polarization ellipse of strong radiation in a nonlinear isotropic medium is discussed. Nonlinear susceptibilities governing the cited effects are calculated for atomic gases by the model pseudopotential method.
Birefringence and dichroism in atomic systems are active areas of research. Circular dichroism is typically observed in chiral atoms, molecules (such as DNA), and optically asymmetric materials. These phenomena enable polarization-based selectivity and high-precision measurements with applications in optical systems, biomedical diagnostics, and advanced photonics. Meanwhile, negative-refractive-index materials offer exotic applications in optics and photonics, including superresolution imaging, invisibility cloaking, and subwavelength imaging. Here we identify a route to achieving birefringence and dichroism in a left-handed system. We investigate the optical activity of an atomic left-handed medium, analyzing the interaction of left- and right-circularly polarized light with different atomic states while incorporating local field corrections. Notably, our results demonstrate simultaneous left-handedness for both polarization states. Furthermore, we find that electric birefringence and dichroism are significantly enhanced with increasing control field strength, while magnetic birefringence and dichroism can be fully controlled via strong laser coupling. These findings have promising implications in fields at the interface of left-handedness and dichroism.
Birefringence and dichroism in atomic systems are active areas of research. Circular dichroism is typically observed in chiral atoms, molecules (such as DNA), and optically asymmetric materials. These phenomena enable polarization-based selectivity and high-precision measurements with applications in optical systems, biomedical diagnostics, and advanced photonics.Meanwhile, negative refractive index materials offer exotic applications in optics and photonics, including super-resolution imaging, invisibility cloaking, and sub-wavelength imaging. Here, we identify a novel route to achieving birefringence and dichroism in a left-handed system for the first time.We investigate the optical activity of an atomic left-handed medium, analyzing the interaction of left- and right-circularly polarized light with different atomic states while incorporating local field corrections. Notably, our results demonstrate simultaneous left-handedness for both polarization states. Furthermore, we find that electric birefringence and dichroism are significantly enhanced with increasing control field strength, while magnetic birefringence and dichroism can be fully controlled via strong laser coupling.These findings have promising implications for spintronics, image transmission in metamaterials, and the development of optical switches and high-speed data transmission devices, opening new avenues in quantum optics and photonics.
A theoretical analysis is made of the nonlinear (in respect of the radiation intensity) rotation of the plane of polarization occuring in an atomic medium subjected to a static magnetic field near one-photon (two-level atoms) and two-photon (three-level atoms) resonances. A study is also made of the influence of a strong monochromatic pump wave on the propagation of a weak nonmonochromatic wave. The wave functions and quasienergies are calculated for a three-level system in static magnetic and monochromatic electromagnetic fields near a two-photon resonance. It is shown that the Verdet constant and the refractive index of such a system depend on the magnitude and relative sign of the frequency detuning from resonance. Proximity to a two-photon resonance destroys the polarizability of a medium for either sign of the detuning.