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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Diffraction-limited optical dipole trap with a hollow optical fiber

Yong-il Shin, Myoung-Sun Heo, Jae-Wan Kim, Wooshik Shim, Heung‐Ryoul Noh, Wonho Jhe

Published May 1, 2003• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel three-dimensional diffraction-limited far-off-resonance optical dipole trap (DFORT) for neutral atoms operating in the Lamb–Dicke regime. Such a microscopic DFORT is generated by the diffracted LP01 mode of a hollow-core optical fiber near the fiber facet. For 87Rb and 133Cs atoms, we estimate that with a 100-mW trap-laser power, a cigar-shaped far-off-resonance optical dipole trap provides potential depth U0≃10 mK, radial (axial) trap frequency fr≃100 kHz(fz≃10 kHz), and trap volume Vtrap≃104λ3. The DFORT has the unique feature of a tightly focused trap with a large trap volume and convenient loading and cooling of the precooled atoms, which may be useful for optical Bose–Einstein condensation. A DFORT may be also operated as an elongated one-dimensional optical trap.

DOI
10.1364/josab.20.000937

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We propose a novel three-dimensional diffraction-limited far-off-resonance optical dipole trap (DFORT) for neutral atoms operating in the Lamb–Dicke regime. Such a microscopic DFORT is generated by the diffracted LP01 mode of a hollow-core optical fiber near the fiber facet. For 87Rb and 133Cs atoms, we estimate that with a 100-mW trap-laser power, a cigar-shaped far-off-resonance optical dipole trap provides potential depth U0≃10 mK, radial (axial) trap frequency fr≃100 kHz(fz≃10 kHz), and trap volume Vtrap≃104λ3. The DFORT has the unique feature of a tightly focused trap with a large trap volume and convenient loading and cooling of the precooled atoms, which may be useful for optical Bose–Einstein condensation. A DFORT may be also operated as an elongated one-dimensional optical trap.
We propose that micrometer-sized atom traps can be created using the optical dipole force between the ends of two single-mode optical fibers carrying counterpropagating light beams of two different wavelengths from both fibers. The traps have a simple design that is feasible to implement with commercially available products. They can be used as a flexible ``atom tweezer'' to manipulate atoms in free space without the need for traditional focused laser beams. A particularly interesting feature is the formation of a static ring-shaped trap for properly chosen beam parameters. Furthermore, this ring can be split into two longitudinally adjacent rings. Microscopic ring traps such as this could have important applications in atom interferometry and fundamental investigations of Bose-Einstein condensates.
We propose that micrometer-sized atom traps can be created using the optical dipole force between the ends of two single-mode optical fibers carrying counterpropagating light beams of two different wavelengths from both fibers. The traps have a simple design that is feasible to implement with commercially available products. They can be used as a flexible ``atom tweezer'' to manipulate atoms in free space without the need for traditional focused laser beams. A particularly interesting feature is the formation of a static ring-shaped trap for properly chosen beam parameters. Furthermore, this ring can be split into two longitudinally adjacent rings. Microscopic ring traps such as this could have important applications in atom interferometry and fundamental investigations of Bose-Einstein condensates.
We describe guiding of neutral atoms through a hollow optical fiber with a micron-sized hollow core. Two-step photoionization experiment shows the frequency dispersion properties of the dipole interaction between an atom and an optical near field. These characteristics are advantageous to species- and state-selective manipulation of atoms. Then we discus a new scheme of atom deposition by means of the guiding technique, including a numerical simulation. We also present two methods for controlling atomic motion using a sharped optical fiber with a nanometric optical n ear field, i.e., atom deflection and atom trap. Deflection angle and trap potential are estimated based on a near-field intensity distribution derived from a Yukawa-type screened potential. The manipulation techniques are useful for precise control of atoms with a spatial accuracy beyond diffraction limit, which will lead to atomic-scale crystal growth.
We calculate electric field distributions of the output beam from a LP01 mode in a micro-sized hollow optical fiber under the Fresnel approximation and find that the output beam characteristics in free space is similar to that of a TEM01* doughnut laser beam. We propose a simple theoretical model, a modified TEM01* doughnut beam, to simulate the free-space output beam from the LP01 mode in hollow fibers, and discuss potential applications of the LP01-mode output beam in atomic guiding, funneling, cooling, and trapping. Our study shows that this model is in good agreement with the numerical results derived from the Fresnel diffraction theory (except near the weak first-order diffraction ring around the zero-order diffraction peak). The model can be conveniently used to calculate the optical potential, gradient force, light-induced acceleration, spontaneous-emission rate, and quantum tunneling loss in atomic guiding, funneling, and trapping with the LP01-mode output beam in free space. It can be also used to study the optical-potential evaporative cooling of cold atoms in a gravito-optical trap constructed by the LP01-mode output beam.
We report on the preparation of a one-dimensional ultracold medium in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, reaching an effective optical depth of 1000(150). We achieved this extreme optical depth by transferring atoms from a magneto-optical trap into a far-detuned optical dipole trap inside the hollow-core fiber, yielding up to 2.5(3)×10(5) atoms inside the core with a loading efficiency of 2.5(6)%. The preparation of an ultracold medium of such huge optical depth paves the way toward new applications in quantum optics and nonlinear optics.
We demonstrate the first guiding of cold atoms through a 88 mm long piece of photonic band gap fiber. The guiding potential is created by a far-off resonance dipole trap propagating inside the fiber with a hollow core of 12 μm. We load the fiber from a dark spot 85 Rb magneto-optical trap and observe a peak flux of more than 10 5 atoms s −1 at a velocity of 1.5 m s −1 . With an additional reservoir optical dipole trap, a constant atomic flux of 1.5 × 10 4 atoms s −1 is sustained for more than 150 ms. These results open up interesting possibilities to study nonlinear light–matter interaction in a nearly one-dimensional geometry and pave the way for guided matter wave interferometry.