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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Spin frequency comb echo memory controlled by a pulsed-gradient of magnetic field

K. I. Gerasimov, S. A. Moiseev, V. I. Morozov, R. B. Zaripov

Published Mar 25, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The controllable storage and on demand retrieval of the microwave pulses by using the photon echo quantum memory approach based on a spin frequency comb of inhomogeneous broadening (SFC- protocol) have been demonstrated. We have used an electron-nuclear spin ensemble of tetracyanoethylene anion radicals in toluene which has a natural periodic structure of narrow electron-spin resonance (ESR) hyperfine lines. On-demand retrieval of the stored field has been realized by using two pulses of the magnetic field gradient of an opposite polarity which hold the electron spins in a dephased excited state during the storage time. The obtained experimental results demonstrate promising properties for coherent controlling the electron-nuclear spin ensemble of radicals in liquid that could be useful for implementation of room-temperature broadband quantum memory.

DOI
10.1117/12.2185472

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The controllable storage and on demand retrieval of the microwave pulses by using the photon echo quantum memory approach based on a spin frequency comb of inhomogeneous broadening (SFC- protocol) have been demonstrated. We have used an electron-nuclear spin ensemble of tetracyanoethylene anion radicals in toluene which has a natural periodic structure of narrow electron-spin resonance (ESR) hyperfine lines. On-demand retrieval of the stored field has been realized by using two pulses of the magnetic field gradient of an opposite polarity which hold the electron spins in a dephased excited state during the storage time. The obtained experimental results demonstrate promising properties for coherent controlling the electron-nuclear spin ensemble of radicals in liquid that could be useful for implementation of room-temperature broadband quantum memory.
We have demonstrated the storage of electromagnetic pulses by exploiting a spin-echo quantum memory protocol. Therein, we have used an electron-nuclear spin ensemble of tetracyanoethylene anion radicals in toluene which has a natural periodic structure of narrow electron-spin resonance (ESR) hyperfine lines. Robust storage up to three temporal modes has been achieved with storage time $\ensuremath{\sim}1$ $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ at room temperature on a conventional pulsed ESR spectrometer. On-demand retrieval of the stored field has been realized by holding the electron spins in a dephased state during the storage time. A longer storage time and the highest overall finesse $\ensuremath{\sim}20$ of the ESR spectrum have been attained by using multipulse dynamical decoupling of the electron spins from the noisy environment. The obtained experimental results suggest that the electron-nuclear spin ensemble of radicals in liquid should be a promising system for the room-temperature quantum memory.
We present a light-storage experiment in a praseodymium-doped crystal where the light is mapped onto an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition shaped into an atomic frequency comb. After absorption of the light, the optical excitation is converted into a spin-wave excitation by a control pulse. A second control pulse reads the memory (on-demand) by reconverting the spin-wave excitation to an optical one, where the comb structure causes a photon-echo-type rephasing of the dipole moments and directional retrieval of the light. This combination of photon-echo and spin-wave storage allows us to store submicrosecond (450 ns) pulses for up to 20 mus. The scheme has a high potential for storing multiple temporal modes in the single-photon regime, which is an important resource for future long-distance quantum communication based on quantum repeaters.
Strong coupling between a microwave photon and electron spins, which could enable a long-lived quantum memory element for superconducting qubits, is possible using a large ensemble of spins. This represents an inefficient use of resources unless multiple photons, or qubits, can be orthogonally stored and retrieved. Here we employ holographic techniques to realize a coherent memory using a pulsed magnetic field gradient and demonstrate the storage and retrieval of up to 100 weak 10 GHz coherent excitations in collective states of an electron spin ensemble. We further show that such collective excitations in the electron spin can then be stored in nuclear spin states, which offer coherence times in excess of seconds.
We report experimental storage and retrieval of weak coherent states of light at telecommunication wavelengths using erbium ions doped into a solid. We use two photon-echo-based quantum storage protocols. The first one is based on controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening (CRIB). It allows the retrieval of the light on demand by controlling the collective atomic coherence with an external electric field, via the linear Stark effect. We study how atoms in the excited state affect the signal-to-noise ratio of the CRIB memory. Additionally we show how CRIB can be used to modify the temporal width of the retrieved light pulse. The second protocol is based on atomic frequency combs. Using this protocol we verify that the reversible mapping is phase preserving by performing an interference experiment with a local oscillator. These measurements are enabling steps toward solid-state quantum memories at telecommunication wavelengths. We also give an outlook on possible improvements.
Quantum memories for quantum communication need to be able to store photons for an extended time and then to release them on demand. This can be achieved in atomic frequency comb ensemble-based quantum memories by control pulses that transfer the excitation to and from long-lived spin states. However, such pulses can give rise to coherent and incoherent noise due to their interaction with the memory ensemble. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the ability to switch off the coherent noise from such control pulses during the echo emission in a spin-wave quantum memory, using the linear Stark effect in rare-earth-ion doped crystals. By applying an electric-field pulse, the echo emission was coherently switched off prior to the first spin transfer pulse, and the stored data pulse was restored only when both an optical recall pulse and a rephasing electrical pulse were applied, giving a high degree of control of both desired and undesired emissions. We estimate the effectiveness of this technique by turning off the free-induction decay of a narrow ensemble of ions. This technique can thus improve the noise performance of spin-wave storage at the single-photon level by quenching coherent optical radiation created by strong control pulses. The method demonstrated here represents a proof of principle that the spin-wave storage scheme can be combined with Stark control. The combined scheme serves as an addition to the toolbox of techniques that can be used to realize a full version of a quantum repeater. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Nuclear quantum memories in the hard X-ray regime offer some key advantages over their optical counterparts, such as broader bandwidth and lower background noise. A Doppler frequency comb protocol has been theoretically proposed [X. Zhang \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{123}, 250504 (2019)] and recently demonstrated experimentally [S. Velten \textit{et al.}, Sci. Adv. \textbf{10}, eadn9825 (2024)] for the storage and retrieval of X-ray photons. However, achieving on-demand retrieval remains challenging because of the requirement for precise and synchronous mechanical motion of multiple absorbers. We propose a hybrid, magnetic-Doppler nuclear frequency comb composed of Doppler-shifted resonant absorbers with lifted nuclear spin degeneracy, which expands the Doppler comb structure. By synchronously reversing the directions of both the magnetic fields and absorber velocities, the system achieves time-reversed phase evolution dynamics that allows for efficient on-demand photon retrieval with significantly reduced mechanical complexity.