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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

Transmit Solutions for MIMO Wiretap Channels using Alternating Optimization

Qiang Li, Mingyi Hong, Hoi-To Wai, Ya‐Feng Liu, Wing‐Kin Ma, Zhi-Quan Tom Luo

Published Aug 23, 2013• 248 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper considers transmit optimization in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) wiretap channels, wherein we aim at maximizing the secrecy capacity or rate of an MIMO channel overheard by one or multiple eavesdroppers. Such optimization problems are nonconvex, and appear to be difficult especially in the multi-eavesdropper scenario. In this paper, we propose an alternating optimization (AO) approach to tackle these secrecy optimization problems. We first consider the secrecy capacity maximization (SCM) problem in the single eavesdropper scenario. An AO algorithm is derived through a judicious SCM reformulation. The algorithm conducts some kind of reweighting and water-filling in an alternating fashion, and thus is computationally efficient to implement. We also prove that the AO algorithm is guaranteed to converge to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point of the SCM problem. Then, we turn our attention to the multiple eavesdropper scenario, where the artificial noise (AN)-aided secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problem is considered. Although the AN-aided SRM problem has a more complex problem structure than the previous SCM, we show that AO can be extended to deal with the former, wherein the problem is handled by solving convex problems in an alternating fashion. Again, the resulting AO method is proven to have KKT point convergence guarantee. For fast implementation, a custom-designed AO algorithm based on smoothing and projected gradient is also derived. The secrecy rate performance and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated by simulations.

DOI
10.1109/jsac.2013.130906

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This paper considers transmit covariance optimization for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian wiretap channel. Specifically, we aim to maximize the MIMO secrecy capacity by judiciously designing the transmit covariance under the sum power and per-antenna power constraints. The MIMO secrecy capacity maximization (SCM) problem is nonconvex, and so far there is no tractable solution available. We propose an alternating optimization (AO) approach to handle the SCM problem. In particular, our development consists of two steps: First, we show that the SCM problem can be reexpressed to a form that can be conveniently processed by AO. Second, we develop a custom-designed fast algorithm for each AO iteration. Interestingly, with this fast implementation, the overall AO algorithm can be viewed as performing iterative reweighting and water-filling. Finally, the convergence of the proposed algorithm to a stationary solution of SCM is shown, and numerical results are provided to demonstrate its efficacy.
In this paper, we study the secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problem for a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) secrecy channel, where a multi-antenna cooperative jammer is employed to improve secret communication in the presence of multiple multi-antenna eavesdroppers. The SRM problem are not jointly convex in terms of the transmit covariance matrices of the legitimate transmitter and the cooperative jammer. To solve the non-convexity issues, we propose an alternating optimization (AO) approach to design the transmit covariance matrix of the legitimate transmitter and the cooperative jammer. Simulation results validated the performance of the proposed algorithms.
MIMO wiretap channel consists of a multiple antenna transmitter, a legitimate multiple antenna receiver and a multiple antenna eavesdropper. Signaling strategy optimization for MIMO wiretap channel, including secrecy capacity maximization problem and power minimization problem with a secrecy rate constraint, are studied. We identify when the two problems are globally solvable. Further, iterative algorithms based on concave-convex procedure are proposed for the two problems, which can monotonically converge to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point of the two problems. Numerical examples validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
In this paper, we study the energy-efficient secrecy precoding problem for a general multiple-input multiple-output multiple-eavesdropper (MIMOME) wiretap channel. The system model considered here consists of a common transmitter, a legitimate receiver, and multiple eavesdroppers, all mounted with multiple antennas. In order to improve the energy efficiency (EE) performance of the proposed system, an artificial noise (AN)-aided precoding scheme is adopted. Because the formulated EE maximization problem is of huge nonconvex complexity, we solve it by employing a two-tier optimization structure. Although the outer-tier optimization problem is quite simple and can be efficiently solved by the famous golden section searching method, the inner-tier optimization problem turns out to be nonconvex and cannot be easily solved. To solve it, we relax it to a secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problem, which naturally constitutes a difference convex (DC)-type programming problem and can be iteratively solved by employing a successive convex approximation (SCA) method. Numerical simulations are further provided to demonstrate the proposed algorithms. Results show that our algorithms can converge fast to a near-optimal solution.
A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel in the presence of one multiple-antenna eavesdropper is considered. We assume that imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the legitimate link and only statistical CSI of the eavesdropper channel are available at the transmitter. This paper addresses the issue of optimal input covariance matrix design that maximizes the secrecy rate subject to the total power constraint. The secrecy rate maximization (SRM) is studied under a relaxed assumption on the perfect CSI.We reformulate the SRM problem and propose an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm to find the optimal input covariance matrix. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The impact of the channel estimation error is investigated.
This paper considers a cellular multiple-input multiple-output multiple-eavesdropper (MIMOME) channel, with a pair of single-antenna device-to-device (D2D) nodes working as an underlay. A novel eavesdropping scenario is studied in this paper, where the eavesdroppers intend to simultaneously overhear the cellular communication and the D2D communication. Our goal is to jointly optimize the covariance of confidential message and artificial noise, as well as the transmit power at the D2D transmitter, such that the sum secrecy rate is maximized, while satisfying the quality of service constraint on the D2D communication. This sum secrecy rate maximization (SSRM) problem is non-convex by nature. To handle it, an equivalent reformulation of this SSRM problem is introduced, wherein the resulting problem becomes primal decomposable and thus can be iteratively solved using an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm. Also, we prove that the AO algorithm is bound to converge to a stationary point of the primal SSRM problem. Furthermore, we extend the SSRM problem to a more general case with multiple pairs of D2D nodes. Again, the resulting problem is shown to be solvable by the AO algorithm, with provable convergence to the stationary point. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the efficacy of our proposed method.