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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Photon statistics of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom

Liangyun Liu, Yuzhu Wang

Published Oct 28, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we calculate the photon statistics of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by a laser field. The results show that the photon statistics tend to Poissonian if we consider the photon statistics starting from the ground state of the atom. We propose a possible method to test the photon statistics of resonance fluorescence.

DOI
10.1117/12.130408

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In this paper, we calculate the photon statistics of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by a laser field. The results show that the photon statistics tend to Poissonian if we consider the photon statistics starting from the ground state of the atom. We propose a possible method to test the photon statistics of resonance fluorescence.
Statistics of fluorescence photons emitted by a single two-level atom interacting with a continuous wave laser field are analyzed. The photon-counting distribution is calculated for the so-called intermediate fluorescence photons, i.e., those counted during the time interval between instants at which photons are emitted. The result is a sub-Poissonian (narrower than Poisson) distribution, which agrees with experimental observations. This intermediate-photon distribution is used to calculate the average number of fluorescence photons, the second factorial moment of the photon-counting distribution, and Mandel’s Q parameter commonly used to evaluate the deviation of photon statistics from the Poisson distribution. The theoretical expressions obtained for moments of the intermediate-photon distribution are different from well-known Mandel’s formulas.
Exact closed form expressions are derived for the photon number distribution functions and the factorial moments in resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom that is driven on or near resonance by a laser beam of finite bandwidth. Derivation procedure that was used by Lenstra in the theory of photon number statistics for limited cases is applied to our generalized problem with help of the theory of resonance fluorescence with excitation of finite bandwidth. All of the results are presented in a fully suitable form for practical analyses of statistical features of resonance fluorescence.
Resonance fluorescence from a single two-level atom driven by a beam of squeezed light is studied in the weak-field limit. We consider the situation where the atom is coupled to the ordinary vacuum and only a few field modes corresponding to the driving field are squeezed. The field produced by the degenerate optical parametric oscillator is used as the driving field. Heisenberg equations of motion are solved in the steady-state and analytic expressions for the fluorescent-light intensity and the spectrum of fluorescent light are derived. We also consider photon statistics of fluorescent light. In particular, squeezing, antibunching, and sub-Poissonian statistics of fluorescent photons are discussed, and analytic expressions for the quadrature variance and the two-time intensity correlation function are presented. Contrary to the case of coherent excitation, the second-order intensity correlation function does not factorize. This and other differences are discussed, and curves are presented to illustrate the behavior of various quantities. We also present results for thermal excitation of the atom.
Resonance fluorescence from a single two-level atom driven by a beam of squeezed light is studied in the weak field limit. We consider the situation where the atom is coupled to the ordinary vacuum and only a few field modes corresponding to the driving field are squeezed. The field produced by the degenerate optical parametric oscillator is used as the driving field. This driving field can be described in terms of two real independent Gaussian processes. Heisenberg equations of motion are solved in the steady-state, and analytic expressions for the fluorescent light intensity and the spectrum of fluorescent light are derived. We also consider photon statistics of fluorescent light. In particular, squeezing, antibunching, and sub-Poissonian statistics of fluorescent photons are discussed and analytic expressions for the quadrature variance and the two-time intensity correlation function are presented. Contrary to the case of coherent excitation the second-order intensity correlation function does not factorize.