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Physical Review A

Extra sub-Doppler lines in the vicinity of the third-resonance 6 S -8 P transition of atomic Cs attributed to optically induced Cs dimers

Thierry Passerat de Silans, Isabelle Maurin, Athanasios Laliotis, P. Chaves de Souza Segundo, Daniel Bloch

Published Apr 6, 2011• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the observation of additional sub-Doppler lines in a saturated absorption experiment when exploring the vicinity of the $6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{-}8{P}_{3/2}$ transition of Cs (\ensuremath{\lambda}$=$388 nm). These additional lines are observed only under a relatively strong irradiation of both the pump and the probe beams. Extra narrow lines are also observed in copropagating nonlinear spectroscopy, and around the lines of the V-type three-level system $8{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{-}6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{-}8{P}_{1/2}$ (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{1}$$=$388 nm, ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{2}$$=$389 nm). We attribute theses additional lines to a probing of high-lying molecular cesium, produced as a result of the optical excitation of Cs atoms, as the low Cs atom density (\ensuremath{\le}10${}^{12}$cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) is unable to populate significantly the dimer states in the condition of thermal equilibrium.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.043402

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The paper reports on the observation of extra sub-Doppler resonance in the vicinity of the third resonance line of Cs (6Srarr8P) at 388 nm (6S1/2rarr8P3/2) and 389 nm (6S1/2rarr8P1/2), when saturated absorption spectroscopy is usually expected to provide a frequency reference in the analysis of other physical processes. All the extra-lines that were detected were located inside the Doppler width, with supplementary components appearing when increasing the irradiating intensities. These observations help to rule out the possibility to explain these observations by a resonant nonlinear optical process, as may occur in the presence of nonlinear processes involving two resonant beams, and mixing- up resonant absorption (or gain) with dispersion. A noticeable difference with photo-association performed with cold atoms is that here, in spite of a velocity-selection induced by saturated absorption, this process is only operated along a single velocity-axis, so that the interaction time between the two atoms that associate is expected to remain extremely short.
Doppler-free spectroscopy of the Cs 6S1/2−7P3/26\text{S}_{1/2}-7\text{P}_{3/2}6S1/2​−7P3/2​ atomic transition at 456 nm in a nanometric-thick vapor layer
The features of Doppler-free resonances detected by probing the 133^{133}133Cs atom 6S1/2−7P3/26S_{1/2}-7P_{3/2}6S1/2​−7P3/2​ transition at 456 nm in a nanometric-thick vapor layer are investigated. The matrix element of this transition is about 11 times smaller than that of the Cs D2_22​ line (852 nm). When the vapor layer thickness is ℓ=λ/2≃230\ell = λ/2 \simeq 230ℓ=λ/2≃230 nm, we observe Dicke narrowing of the lines, accompanied by a red frequency shift of the atomic transitions, which is attributed to atom-surface interactions. Realizing optical pumping with ℓ≃460\ell\simeq 460ℓ≃460 nm in a single-pass configuration, we observe Doppler-free resonances with a linewidth <20<20<20 MHz, located at the atomic transitions frequencies with a correspondence of the amplitudes to the transition intensities. These narrow resonances are of interest for high-resolution spectroscopy and instrumentation, and could serve as a frequency reference.
The features of Doppler-free resonances detected by probing the 133 Cs atom 6S 1/2 → 7P 3/2 transition at 456 nm in a nanometric-thick vapor layer are investigated. The matrix element of this transition is about 11 times smaller than that of the Cs D 2 line (852 nm). When the vapor layer thickness is ℓ = λ /2 ≃ 230 nm, we observe Dicke narrowing of the lines, accompanied by a red frequency shift of the atomic transitions, which is attributed to atom–surface interactions. Realizing optical pumping with ℓ ≃ 460 nm in a single-pass configuration, we observe Doppler-free resonances with a linewidth of <20 MHz, located at the atomic transition frequencies, with a correspondence of the amplitudes to the transition intensities. These narrow resonances are of interest for high-resolution spectroscopy and instrumentation and could serve as a frequency reference.
Sub-natural-width N -type resonance, observed in the D 2 line of Cs vapor has been reported recently. Three-photon, bi-chromatic excitation of Cs atomic vapor with 20 Torr of Neon was performed and a sub-natural-width resonance was observed, superimposed on the absorption profile of a set of hyperfine transitions starting from single hyperfine ground level. Here we report the study of a different three-photon, couple-probe- excitation scheme that allows the observation of a sub-natural-width resonance situated on a flat background, well outside the D 2 line absorption spectrum of Cs. The lack of a noisy background could be advantageous for many applications related to the narrow N resonance. In addition, a new broader feature of enhanced transparency is demonstrated that is centered at the ground state level that does not interacting with the coupling beam. This enhanced transparency resonance can be attributed to the atomic population loss in a narrow spectral interval occurring due to excitation of energy levels situated above the 6 2 P levels.
We have detected and analysed interesting features of sub-Doppler resonances, which are induced in absorption of the weak monochromatic probe light beam (with the scanned frequency) by the counterpropagating two-frequency pumping radiation implementing the phenomenon of the coherent population trapping (CPT) on resonant Λ-systems of atomic levels. Our experimental investigations have been carried out on example of spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2line of cesium atoms. Obtained results may be used for optimization of laser frequencies stabilization on atomic transitions.
We report on the investigation of narrow sub-Doppler-width resonances observed at the D2 line of Cs atoms (Fg = 4 → Fe = 3, 4, 5 hyperfine transitions), confined in thin optical cells. These cells have a thickness of L = 6λ (λ = 852 nm) and L = 700 μm, and are irradiated by two narrow-band laser radiations (one with fixed and the other with scanned frequency). We show that for zero frequency detuning of the fixed-frequency laser from the Fg = 4 → Fe = 5 hyperfine transition, its absorption spectrum in the thin cell consists of resonances, centered at the respective hyperfine transitions. The spectral widths of these resonances range from 2 to 20 MHz, and they are characterized by a good contrast and extremely small Doppler background. This spectrum is highly sensitive to the frequency offset of the fixedfrequency laser. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the spatial restriction of Cs vapor suppresses the interaction of the light with atoms with significant velocity component along the direction of the laser beam propagation.