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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Backward four-wave mixing in a four-level medium with electromagnetically induced transparency

Hoonsoo Kang, Gessler Hernandez, Jiepeng Zhang, Yifu Zhu

Published Apr 1, 2006• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze backward four-wave mixing in a four-level system exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that EIT suppression of the linear absorption leads to the resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing process and the conversion efficiency near 100% may be achieved in a dense four-level medium with negligible decoherence decay.

DOI
10.1364/josab.23.000718

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We analyze backward four-wave mixing in a four-level system exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that EIT suppression of the linear absorption leads to the resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing process and the conversion efficiency near 100% may be achieved in a dense four-level medium with negligible decoherence decay.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level atomic system suppresses linear absorption and leads to resonantly enhanced slow-light four-wave mixing at low light intensities. We analyse the backward four-wave mixing in the four-level system under the EIT conditions, derive the four-wave-mixing efficiency and discuss slow-light propagation conditions. We present experimental measurements of resonant four-wave mixing with the backward scheme in cold Rb atoms and compare the experimental results with the theoretical calculations.
We analyze a four-wave-mixing (FWM) scheme in a five-level atomic system based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that EIT suppresses both two-photon and three-photon absorptions in the FWM scheme and enables the four-wave mixing to proceed through real, resonant intermediate states without absorption loss. The scheme results in a several orders of magnitude increase in the FWM efficiency in comparison with a recent scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 143902 (2002)] and may be used for generating short-wavelength radiation at low pump intensities.
We report an experimental observation of the enhancement of nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a lambda-type three-level system of rubidium atoms. We measured both the linear susceptibility Im chi(D)((1)) (absorption) and the third-order nonlinear coefficient chi(D)((3)) separately for the NDFWM process at a low atomic density. We found that, owing to the EIT effect, the linear absorption term Im chi(D)((1)) is greatly reduced, while the nonlinear generation term chi(D)((3)) is resonantly enhanced, permitting us to observe a significant enhancement of the NDFWM signal in an optically dense medium.
Electromagnetically-induced-transparency-based four-wave mixing (FWM) in a resonant four-level double-Λ system has a maximum conversion efficiency (CE) of 25% due to spontaneous emission. Herein, we demonstrate that spontaneous emission can be considerably suppressed by arranging the applied laser beams in a backward configuration. With the backward double-Λ FWM scheme, we observe a CE of 63% in cold rubidium atoms with an optical depth (OD) of 48. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of a CE exceeding the conversion limit in resonant FWM processes. Furthermore, we present a theoretical model that includes the phase-mismatch effect in the backward double-Λ FWM system. According to the theoretical model, the present scheme can achieve 96% CE using a medium with a large OD of 200 under ideal conditions. Such an efficient frequency conversion scheme has potential applications in optical quantum information technology.
We observed electromagnetically induced transparency-based four-wave mixing (FWM) in the pulsed regime at low light levels. The FWM conversion efficiency of 3.8(9)3.8(9)%3.8(9) was observed in a four-level system of cold 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms using a driving laser pulse with a peak intensity of $\ensuremath{\approx}80$ $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, corresponding to an energy of $\ensuremath{\approx}60$ photons per atomic cross section. Comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions proposed by Harris and Hau [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4611 (1999)] showed good agreement. Additionally, a high conversion efficiency of 46(2)46(2)%46(2) was demonstrated when applying this scheme using a driving laser intensity of $\ensuremath{\approx}1.8$ mW/cm2\mathrm{mW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}mW/cm2. According to our theoretical predictions, this FWM scheme can achieve a conversion efficiency of nearly 100100%100 when using a dense medium with an optical depth of 500.