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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

Analysis of the entanglement of down converted photon pairs passing through double slits

Gen Taguchi, T. Hirama, Katsuya Kasai, Tatsuo Dougakiuchi, Holger Friedrich Hofmann, Yutaka Kadoya

Published Aug 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the non-classical correlation of two entangled photons passing through a pair of double slits. The quantum state is reconstructed using quantum tomography based on the correlated interference patterns and slit images. Measurement by another basis including partially both the which path and the phase information is also analyzed.

DOI
10.1109/cleopr.2007.4391557

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We investigate the non-classical correlation of two entangled photons passing through a pair of double slits. The quantum state is reconstructed using quantum tomography based on the correlated interference patterns and slit images. Measurement by another basis including partially both the which path and the phase information is also analyzed.
We present an experimental study of the nonclassical correlations of a pair of spatial qubits formed by passing two down-converted photons through a pair of double slits. After confirming the entanglement generated in our setup by quantum tomography using separate measurements of the slit images and the interference patterns, we show that the complete Hilbert space of the spatial qubits can be accessed by measurements performed in a single plane between the image plane and the focal plane of a lens. Specifically, it is possible to obtain both the which-path and the interference information needed for quantum tomography in a single scan of the transversal distribution of photon coincidences. Since this method can easily be extended to multidimensional systems, it may be a valuable tool in the application of spatial qudits to quantum-information processes.
We report a two-photon double-slit interference experiment. Two correlated photons, generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion and traveling in different directions, are made to pass through a double slit in such a way that the path of one photon can be identified with that of the other photon. No single-photon interference pattern is observed even if the path is not actually identified, but a spatial interference pattern appears in the joint detection counting rates of the photon pairs. It can easily be shown that these nonlocal phenomena cannot be exhibited by any kind of classical field.
This paper demonstrates the engineering of spatially entangled two-photon states behind a double slit by tailoring the incident pure two-photon state. We experimentally characterize many different two-photon states by measuring their complete two-photon interference patterns in the far field of the double slit. Spatial entanglement right behind the double slit can reside in either the modulus or the phase of the two-photon field. The balance between these two types of entanglement is fully controlled by experimentally utilizing the phase-front curvatures of the pump beam and the phase-matching profile. We project either a far-field image or a magnified near-field image of the two-photon source onto the double slit. Our theoretical analysis shows how the two-photon interference pattern behind the double slit effectively acts as a phase-sensitive probe of the incident two-photon field profile. We thus present phase-sensitive measurements of the generated two-photon field profile probed in an image plane of the two-photon source.
Double-double-slit thought experiment provides profound insight on interference of quantum entangled particles. This paper presents a detailed experimental realisation of quantum double-double-slit thought experiment with momentum entangled photons and theoretical analysis of the experiment. Experiment is configured in such a way that photons are path entangled and each photon can reveal the which-slit path information of the other photon. As a consequence, single photon interference is suppressed. However, two-photon interference pattern appears if locations of detection of photons are correlated without revealing the which-slit path information. It is also shown experimentally and theoretically that two-photon quantum interference disappears when the which-slit path of a photon in the double-double-slit is detected.