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Physical Review A

Population transfer by delayed pulses via continuum states

Nikolay V. Vitanov, Stig Stenholm

Published Jul 1, 1997• 45 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper analyzes the process of population transfer between two discrete states via a common continuum by using two partially overlapping delayed laser pulses. The incoherent ionization channels, the Stark shifts, and the nonzero Fano parameter are taken into account. An analytic approximation to the final-state population is derived for Gaussian pulse shapes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.56.741

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•May 1, 1993•0 citations
This paper analyzes the process of population transfer between two discrete states via a common continuum by using two partially overlapping delayed laser pulses. The incoherent ionization channels, the Stark shifts, and the nonzero Fano parameter are taken into account. An analytic approximation to the final-state population is derived for Gaussian pulse shapes.
We study the possibility of transferring population between two bound atomic or molecular states via an autoionizing state. Conditions for efficient transfer are given and the effects of the AC Stark shifts, the Fano parameters and the incoherent channels of ionization are explored. An adiabatic analytic solution which helps in the understanding of the behaviour of the system is also given. Efficient transfer is realized by using both a counterintuitive pulse sequence and concurrent laser pulses.
The population transfer in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-like system, with intermediate states belonging to the continuous spectrum, is investigated in the case in which continuum-continuum and nonresonant transitions must be taken into account. The two phenomena are shown to essentially influence the dynamics of the system, in particular the final populations of the discrete states. The transfer probability can be increased if the two components of the pulse are shifted in time in a counterintuitive way, but unlike in the typical case of STIRAP, it is an oscillating function of the time delay.
We present a remarkable analytic result which suggests that a continuum can be used as an intermediary for a significant transfer of population from one discrete state to another discrete state in a stimulated Raman transition. The population transfer is accomplished by employing two laser pulses that overlap in time, arranged in the so-called counterintuitive order. That a continuum can be used for population transfer is shown here for the first time. It promises to open up more channels for selective coherent excitation of atoms or molecules.
The paper examines the effect of irreversible dissipation from the intermediate state on the efficiency of population transfer by partially overlapping delayed pulses in three-state systems. Several general approximations to the final-state population for both the intuitive and counterintuitive pulse sequences are derived. They show that the loss of transfer efficiency is much stronger for the intuitive pulse sequence, as then the intermediate state is significantly populated during the transfer. For the counterintuitive sequence, the damping of the final-state population is found to be exponential for small decay rates and polynomial for large ones; moreover, the range of decay rates, over which the transfer efficiency remains high, is proportional to the squared pulse area. The paper also presents an analytically solvable model, involving smooth delayed pulses, as well as numerical results and analytic approximations for Gaussian pulses.
Transfer of molecules or atoms from an initial state to a certain final state is often wanted, and use of a single laser may be impractical. Transfer via an intermediate state of higher energy has been demonstrated, using laser pulses that overlap in time. We have proposed using the continuum in place of the intermediate state, and encouraging results have been computed for a simple model. Our latest calculations show the effects of operating this scheme near the bottom of the continuum or near a resonance having the Fano shape, and the effects of laser-driven continuum-continuum transitions.