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Quantum Information Processing

Multiple RF Coil Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Quantum Computing

Lisa Catherine Siskind, Bruce E. Hammer, Nelson L Christensen, Jeffrey Yepez

Published Feb 24, 2006• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-005-0007-9

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Spin-Damping in an Ultra-Sensitive Tunable RF Atomic Magnetometer

Orang Alem

Optically pumped radio frequency (RF) atomic magnetometers have been shown to have an improved sensitivity over standard tuned coils for frequencies less than 50 MHz, making these RF magnetometers attractive for the detection of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals. In an atomic magnetometer a linearly polarized probe beam measures, through Faraday rotation, the transverse atomic magnetization induced by the resonant RF signal. The resonance, or Larmor, frequency of the magnetometer is easily tuned with a small magnetic field. We construct an atomic magnetometer based on a potassium vapor cell with a measured sensitivity of 0.22 ± 0.02 fT/ √ Hz and a detection bandwidth of 334 ± 11 Hz when tuned to 423 kHz, giving a Q of over 1200. While high Q magnetometers are sensitive to weak magnetic fields, they are also sensitive to magnetic transients, such as those associated with the excitation pulses needed for magnetic resonance. The ringing created by such transients can obscure the signal of interest. This is particularly detrimental for magnetic resonance signals that decay faster than the transverse relaxation rate. We demonstrate that by feeding back part of the optical signal to orthogonal electromagnetic coils, this unwanted ringing can be quickly damped out leaving the magnetometer ready for the detection of the signal. This negative feedback as applied to the K spins is called spin-damping and can be used to relax the K atoms faster by more than two orders of magnitude. Using spin-damping we reduce the dead-time before data acquisition from 0.8 to 0.2 ms in the detection of NQR signals from ammonium nitrate, one of the so-called fertilizer bomb explosives with an NQR frequency of 423 kHz. Furthermore, we discover that spin-damping can not only be used to suppress signals, it can also be used to suppress noise. We show that it can be used to suppress both environmental noise and more fundamental quantum noise, such as photon shot and spin projection noise. The latter suppression opens the door for its use in quantum control to initialize spin systems before measurements. For phase-sensitive detection, as is often used in magnetic resonance, spin-damping suppresses signal and noise in such a way as to increase the sensitivity bandwidth of the magnetometer. We prove, both theoretically and experimentally, that it is possible to increase the magnetometer detection bandwidth by a factor of 3 or more without significant loss in sensitivity. Such gains in bandwidth for a high Q magnetometer translate into savings in detection time, particularly for substance detection where the frequency of the signal of interest may not be completely known.

•Aug 18, 2011•1 citation
Explosive increase of interest in quantum computing has resulted in various proposals for generation of quantum bits or qubits, the basic quantum computing unit. The superconducting qubits of Josephson Junction are the most widely accepted and currently used, while the Ion-trap and a similar molecule-based qubits have been proposed more recently. In these methods, each qubit is generated individually with great effort. Here we proposed a new technique using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based qubit generation, by which multiple qubits can be generated. Simultaneously this provides a complete qubit platform for quantum computing. Central to the proposed method is the simultaneous generation of multiple qubits using the 'gradient' concept together with multiple radiofrequency coils, one for all qubits, and others for individual qubits with each small Q-coil. Another key concept is the time-encoded probability amplitude (TEPA) technique, using individual Q-coils together with the spin-echo series in each qubit incorporating readout gating for time-encoding. This MRI-based qubit-generation and qubit-encoding technique allowed us to develop an entirely new class of quantum computing platform. Our newly proposed MRI-based qubits are well-suited to currently available electronics, superconducting and semiconductor technologies, as well as nuclear magnetic resonance and MRI physics and technology.
We displayed the nuclear spin coupling and dipole polarisation in magnetic resonance microscopy based on quantum calculation. When radio frequency (rf) probing operated nuclear spins on the nanometer localisation, Grover’s quantum algorithm can be realised by polarisation enhanced states using pulse sequence and width according to the interaction between RF and spins. We theoretically proposed two-qubits quantum system of density matrix to achieve quantum Grover’s algorithm in spin damp and frequency shift based on magnetic resonance microscopy. The nuclear spins were operated by pulse time sequences of cyclic adiabatic inversion, and controlled the quantum spin magnetic moment state to achieve the superposition. The resonance spins excited by radio frequency coil and magnetic tip were measured by the nuclear magnetic moment, spectrum and density matrix. The results indicated that the density matrix was used to read out quantum spectrum image. Grover’s algorithm can perform search faster than their classical counterparts. The force microscopy properties of spin damp decay holds great promise of magnetic resonance in quantum computing, quantum communication. Theoretically the algorithm is accelerated but not 100% in a rate of success.
Optically pumped radio frequency (RF) atomic magnetometers have been shown to have an improved sensitivity over standard tuned coils for frequencies less than 50 MHz, making these RF magnetometers attractive for the detection of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals. In an atomic magnetometer a linearly polarized probe beam measures, through Faraday rotation, the transverse atomic magnetization induced by the resonant RF signal. The resonance, or Larmor, frequency of the magnetometer is easily tuned with a small magnetic field. We construct an atomic magnetometer based on a potassium vapor cell with a measured sensitivity of 0.22 ± 0.02 fT/ √ Hz and a detection bandwidth of 334 ± 11 Hz when tuned to 423 kHz, giving a Q of over 1200. While high Q magnetometers are sensitive to weak magnetic fields, they are also sensitive to magnetic transients, such as those associated with the excitation pulses needed for magnetic resonance. The ringing created by such transients can obscure the signal of interest. This is particularly detrimental for magnetic resonance signals that decay faster than the transverse relaxation rate. We demonstrate that by feeding back part of the optical signal to orthogonal electromagnetic coils, this unwanted ringing can be quickly damped out leaving the magnetometer ready for the detection of the signal. This negative feedback as applied to the K spins is called spin-damping and can be used to relax the K atoms faster by more than two orders of magnitude. Using spin-damping we reduce the dead-time before data acquisition from 0.8 to 0.2 ms in the detection of NQR signals from ammonium nitrate, one of the so-called fertilizer bomb explosives with an NQR frequency of 423 kHz. Furthermore, we discover that spin-damping can not only be used to suppress signals, it can also be used to suppress noise. We show that it can be used to suppress both environmental noise and more fundamental quantum noise, such as photon shot and spin projection noise. The latter suppression opens the door for its use in quantum control to initialize spin systems before measurements. For phase-sensitive detection, as is often used in magnetic resonance, spin-damping suppresses signal and noise in such a way as to increase the sensitivity bandwidth of the magnetometer. We prove, both theoretically and experimentally, that it is possible to increase the magnetometer detection bandwidth by a factor of 3 or more without significant loss in sensitivity. Such gains in bandwidth for a high Q magnetometer translate into savings in detection time, particularly for substance detection where the frequency of the signal of interest may not be completely known.