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Optics Communications

Loading atoms into a surface trap: simulations of an experimental scheme

W. L. Power, Tilman Pfau, Martin Wilkens

Published Nov 1, 1997• 15 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0030-4018(97)00284-8

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Optics Express•Jan 1, 2006•9 citations
We propose two loading mechanisms of a degenerate Bose gas into a surface trap. This trap relies on the dipole potential produced by two evanescent optical waves far detuned from the atomic resonance, yielding a strongly anisotropic trap with typical frequencies 40 Hz × 65 Hz × 30 kHz. We present numerical simulations based on the time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation of the transfer process from a conventional magnetic trap into the surface trap. We show that, despite a large discrepancy between the oscillation frequencies along one direction in the initial and final traps, a loading time of a few tens of milliseconds would lead to an adiabatic transfer. Preliminary experimental results are presented.
A method of the quantum adsorption of atoms on a surface is proposed and experimentally implemented. The loading of atoms into a surface potential well (adsorption) was realized due to the loss of the kinetic energy in the process of the inelastic collision of two laser-excited atoms. This scheme is implemented for Rb atoms adsorbed on the surface of a YAG crystal. The dependence of the quantum adsorption rate on the laser radiation frequency is experimentally investigated. The possibility of producing microstructures of arbitrary shape that consist of atoms localized on the dielectric surface is also demonstrated and the opportunities of creation of nanostructures are discussed.
An array of square current-carrying wires is proposed to construct a two-dimensional (2D) array of surface magneto-optical traps and Ioffe magnetic ones for realizing a 2D lattice of Bose-Einstein condensations (BECs) on an atom chip. Our study shows that when a vertical homogeneous bias magnetic field is only used, the wires will form a 2D array of quadrupole magnetic traps, which can be used to construct 2D lattice of surface magneto-optical micro-traps. While another horizontal homogeneous bias field is added simultaneously, the above 2D array of quadrupole micro-traps will be changed as an array of surface Ioffe micro-traps, which can be used to form a 2D magnetic lattice and then realize a 2D array of BECs. The dynamic loading process of cold (87)Rb atoms from each micro-MOT into Ioffe micro-trap is studied by using Monte-Carlo simulations, and our results show that the scheme can be used to realize a natural and effective loading of cold atoms from 2D array of micro-MOTs into 2D array of Ioffe micro-traps, and the loading efficiency can be reach ~ 65%. Moreover, the positions of each BEC (or MOT) in 2D array of magnetic micro-traps can be controlled by adjusting the currents in the wires or by changing the additional vertical bias field.