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Laser Physics Letters

Competition between spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing and fluorescence in Pr3+:YSO

Huayan Lan, Changbiao Li, Chengjun Lei, Huaibin Zheng, Ruimin Wang, Min Xiao, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Nov 28, 2014• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the competition between the spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing and second- or fourth-order fluorescence (FL) signals in Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 crystal. By changing the powers of controlling fields and blocking different fields, the competitive two signals can be identified through the dressing effect. Meanwhile, the delay of fourth-order FL in the time domain results from splitting the energy level. Such results can find potential applications in optical information storage and processing on a photonic chip.

DOI
10.1088/1612-2011/12/1/015404

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We report the competition between the spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing and second- or fourth-order fluorescence (FL) signals in Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 crystal. By changing the powers of controlling fields and blocking different fields, the competitive two signals can be identified through the dressing effect. Meanwhile, the delay of fourth-order FL in the time domain results from splitting the energy level. Such results can find potential applications in optical information storage and processing on a photonic chip.
We investigate fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) signals in V-, Λ- and N-type energy level systems by changing the frequency detuning or power of the dressing field in Pr 3+ doped Y 2 SiO 5 at 77 K. The lifetime of the two kinds of signals has been calculated, and the desired experimental results have been obtained. We successfully control the intensity and lifetime of fluorescence and SP-FWM signals by changing the power or frequency detuning of the dressing field. The research has potential applications in optical switches and all optical communication.
We investigate the effect of single dressing and double dressing on fourth-order fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous four-wave mixing. The single dressing effect changes to a double dressing effect as we change the detuning (power) of the input beam from off-resonant (low power) to resonant point (high power). We also demonstrate the spectral and temporal nature of fourth-order FL and its Autler–Townes splitting caused by the competition of the phonon effect (at different temperatures) with a single and double dressed state in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. To further explore the competition between the phonon and dressing effects, we investigated intensity-noise correlation of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing at 110 K. Our results demonstrate the dependency of YSO crystal on temperature, detuning, and power, which can be controlled by the competition between a phonon with single and double dressing.
We report the measured dressed lifetimes of fourth-order fluorescence and spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing signals by the perturbation chain method in a two-level and heteronuclear-like molecule system of Pr3+:YSO both in theory and experiment. The lifetime of the fourth-order fluorescence depends on the nonlinear processes in the perturbation chain, and can be modulated by the dark state due to the dressing effect and the induced dipole–dipole interaction by changing the frequency detuning and power of the controlling field. Such results can find potential applications in all-optical communication and optical information processing on photonic chips.
We demonstrate the seeded spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) process associated with the fluorescence signals of Pr 3+ :YSO both theoretically and experimentally. For the first time, the dressed SP-FWM processes are observed by self-dressing and/or external-dressing in this crystal. Various possible amplification processes are discussed by selectively seeding various multi-wave mixing (MWM) signals. Two contributions of the dressing effect and the dipole–dipole interaction to the linewidths of the SP-FWM signal and the conjugate signal of the seeding MWM signal associated with the fluorescence signal have been distinguished. In addition, the Autler–Townes-like (or Autler–Townes) splitting effect of the fluorescence spectrum induced by itself (or external) field and the mutual interaction between two fluorescence signals are investigated which are well explained using the presented theoretical model. Such results can find potential applications in all-optical communication and optical information processing on a photonic chip.
Lifetime Polarization of Dressed Multiorder Fluorescence and Spontaneous Parametric Four-Wave Mixing in Pr 3+^{3+}3+ :YSO
We investigate lifetime (induced dipole–dipole interaction) of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) and multiorder fluorescence (FL) signals controlled by polarization dressing in a heteronuclear-like molecule system of Pr$^{3+} $:YSO. The comparisons between a lifetime of SP-FWM and multiorder FL controlled by single dressing, double dressing, and triple dressing polarization have been investigated. It is observed that FLs have a stronger dressing effect than SP-FWM. The polarization dressing is more obvious in the intensity signal in the spectral domain than that in the time domain. Such results have potential applications in quantum communication such as optical information storage, routing, and processing on a photonic chip.
Polarization-dressed time-delayed fluorescence (FL) processes in Pr3+:YSO crystal are investigated experimentally. By changing the polarization of the incident beam, the double-dressing effect and the time delay of the second- and fourth-order FL processes can be controlled. Furthermore, the total evolution of the temporal FL signals with different incident beam intensities is observed. The two split peaks of FL in time domain are suppressed by the polarized dressing field. The switch of the suppressed dip and the enhanced peak at different time positions has also been studied. In addition, the evolution of the FL spectral signal at the adiabatic population transition stage, the build time, and the decay time of temporal FL signal with varied incident beam polarizations are also investigated. Such results can find potential applications in all-optical communication on photonic chips.