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International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications

Optical quantum gates with semiconductor nanostructures

Eliana Biolatti, Rita Claudia Iotti, Paolo Zanardi A, Fausto Rossi

Published Jan 1, 2001• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An all optical implementation of quantum information processing with semiconductor macroatoms is presented. Our quantum hardware consists of an array of semiconductor quantum dots and the computational degrees of freedom, i.e. the qubits, are energy-selected interband optical transitions. The proposed quantum-computing scheme exploits exciton–exciton interactions driven by ultrafast sequences of multi-colour laser pulses. Contrary to existing proposals based on charge excitations, the present all-optical implementation does not require the application of time-dependent electric fields, thus allowing for a sub-picosecond, i.e. decoherence-free, operation time-scale in realistic state-of-the-art semiconductor nanostructures. Moreover, the fully-optical character of the proposed gating scheme makes it an ideal candidate for the realization of all-optical computing networks. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI
10.1002/1097-007x(200101/02)29:1<137::aid-cta138>3.0.co;2-t

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•Jan 1, 2001•0 citations
An all optical implementation of quantum information processing with semiconductor macroatoms is presented. Our quantum hardware consists of an array of semiconductor quantum dots and the computational degrees of freedom, i.e. the qubits, are energy-selected interband optical transitions. The proposed quantum-computing scheme exploits exciton–exciton interactions driven by ultrafast sequences of multi-colour laser pulses. Contrary to existing proposals based on charge excitations, the present all-optical implementation does not require the application of time-dependent electric fields, thus allowing for a sub-picosecond, i.e. decoherence-free, operation time-scale in realistic state-of-the-art semiconductor nanostructures. Moreover, the fully-optical character of the proposed gating scheme makes it an ideal candidate for the realization of all-optical computing networks. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An all optical implementation of quantum information processing with semiconductor macroatoms is proposed. Our quantum hardware consists of an array of quantum dots and the computational degrees of freedom are energy-selected interband optical transitions. The quantum-computing strategy exploits exciton-exciton interactions driven by ultrafast multicolor laser pulses. Contrary to existing proposals based on charge excitations, our approach does not require time-dependent electric fields, thus allowing for a subpicosecond, decoherence-free, operation time scale in realistic semiconductor nanostructures.
A review of semiconductor-based schemes for the realization of quantum information processing devices is presented. After recalling the fundamentals of quantum information/computation theory, we shall discuss potential implementation schemes based on charge and/or spin degrees of freedom in semiconductor nanostructures. More specifically, we shall present an all-optical implementation scheme of quantum information processing with semiconductor macroatoms/molecules, where the computational degrees of freedom are interband optical transitions (excitonic states) manipulated/controlled by ultrafast sequences of multicolor laser pulses. We shall primarily focus on implementation schemes dealing with charge excitations in GaAs as well as GaN quasi-zero-dimensional structures. We shall finally discuss the possibility to combine charge and spin degrees of freedom, thus, allowing for fast-quantum gates, which do not translate into fast-decoherence times.
A review of semiconductor-based schemes for the realization of quantum information processing devices is presented. After recalling the fundamentals of quantum information/computation theory, we shall discuss potential implementation schemes based on charge and/or spin degrees of freedom in semiconductor nanostructures. More specifically, we shall present an all-optical implementation scheme of quantum information processing with semiconductor macroatoms/molecules, where the computational degrees of freedom are interband optical transitions (excitonic states) manipulated/controlled by ultrafast sequences of multicolor laser pulses. We shall primarily focus on implementation schemes dealing with charge excitations in GaAs as well as GaN quasi-zero-dimensional structures. We shall finally discuss the possibility to combine charge and spin degrees of freedom, thus allowing for fast quantum gates which do not translate into fast decoherence times.
A review of semiconductor-based schemes for the implementation of quantum information processing devices is presented. After recalling the fundamentals of quantum information/computation theory, we shall discuss two potential implementation schemes based on charge degrees of freedom in semiconductor nanostructures. More specifically, we shall present an all-optical implementation of quantum information processing with semiconductor macroatoms/molecules. In this case the computational degrees of freedom are interband optical transitions driven by ultrafast sequences of multicolor laser-pulse trains. As alternative approach, we shall also discuss a transport-like scheme based on ballistic electrons in coupled semiconductor quantum wires. Within such implementation strategy, we shall finally propose a relatively simple quantum gating sequence for testing Bell inequality violations in a condensed-matter environment.
We shall present a review of quantum dot based schemes for the implementation of quantum information processing. We shall compare two potential implementations which use charge degrees of freedom and different kinds of self-assembled quantum dots. The computational degrees of freedom are interband optical transitions driven by ultrafast sequences of multicolor laser-pulse trains. The proposed implementations exploit exciton–exciton interactions induced by an in-plane external electric field in the case of GaAs-based quantum dot structures, and by the strong built-in electric field in GaN-based heterostructures.
Any physical implementation of quantum information processing is known to be extremely demanding. One should be able to perform long coherent quantum manipulations (gating), precise quantum-state synthesis, and detection as well. Ever since the very beginning it has been recognized that the major obstacle arises from the unavoidable open character of any realistic quantum system. The coupling with external (i.e. non-computational) degrees of freedom spoils the unitary structure of quantum evolution, which is the crucial ingredient in quantum computation (QC). The only existing experimental realizations of quantum processors are based on quantum optics and atomic/molecular systems. It is however generally believed that future applications of quantum information may hardly be realized in terms of such systems, which do not permit the large-scale integration of existing microelectronics technology. In contrast, in spite of the serious difficulties related to the fast decoherence times, a solid-state implementation of QC seems to be the only way to benefit synergistically from the recent progress in ultrafast optoelectronics as well as in nanostructure fabrication and characterization. Following this spirit, we shall propose and discuss potential implementations of quantum computation/information based on semiconductor nanostructures. More specifically, as originally envisioned Zanardi and Rossi, 1 we shall present an all-optical implementation of QC based on semiconductor macroatoms. 2 In this context we shall discuss a number of excitonic encoding schemes based on charge and/or spin degrees of freedom. In particular, we shall review a novel implementation scheme 3 which merges ideas from both the fields of spintronics and optoelectronics and sets the stage for an all optical semiconducting spin based quantum information processing.