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Physical Review A

Control of visibility in the interference of signal photons by delays imposed on the idler photons

X. Y. Zou, Timothy P. Grayson, G. A. Barbosa, L. Mandeļ

Published Mar 1, 1993• 37 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Further interference experiments have been carried out with the two signal beams emitted from two coherently pumped parametric down-converters when the two idler beams are aligned. Because of the quantum entanglement between signal and idler photons produced in the down-conversion, it is found that the visibility of the interference of signal photons can be controlled by insertion of differential time delays between the idler photons.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.47.2293

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Further interference experiments have been carried out with the two signal beams emitted from two coherently pumped parametric down-converters when the two idler beams are aligned. Because of the quantum entanglement between signal and idler photons produced in the down-conversion, it is found that the visibility of the interference of signal photons can be controlled by insertion of differential time delays between the idler photons.
Normally, the signal and idler photons produced in the process of parametric down- conversion exhibit no second-order interference. However, in the presence of an external laser beam that follows the path of the signal photon and induces stimulated down-conversions, one would expect coherence to develop between the down-converted signal and idler beams. We have demonstrated the existence of this phenomenon in an experiment with two down-converters pumped by similar pump beams, in which two mutually coherent laser beams followed the paths of the two down-converted signal photons and induced coherence between the two down- converted idler beams. The induced coherence gives rise to observable interference effects, which are presented.
We discuss the situation in which idler beams from two parametric down-converter crystals are allowed to interfere. We show that, when two mutually coherent signal beams derived from a common laser are injected into the down-converters, the two idler beams can become mutually coherent also. Moreover, the resulting interference pattern can, in principle, have 100% visibility when the number of injected photons per unit down-converter bandwidth is large. This is just the condition for stimulated down-conversion to dominate over spontaneous down-conversion.
We perform a time-resolved quantum interference experiment based on the effect of induced coherence without induced emission using two pulsed parametric down-conversion sources. We periodically vary the transmission of the first source's idler beam and measure the time-dependent visibility of fringes in the interference between the two signal beams. The visibility is found to be correlated with the transmissivity with a time delay corresponding to a combined path of the first idler and the second signal beam. The experiment is discussed in the context of the delayed choice experiments.