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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Period three generation on microwave-induced constant-voltage steps of Josephson tunnel junctions

J. Mygind, Jørn Bindslev Hansen, John L. Clarke, G. A. Ovsyannikov, Henrik Svensmark

Published Mar 1, 1987• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the observation of one-third harmonic generation in small Josephson tunnel junctions driven with a microwave signal in the frequency range 8 to 18 GHz. This phenomenon was observed both with the junction biased in the zero voltage state and on microwave-induced constant-voltage steps in the current-voltage characteristic. With high levels of applied microwave power the period-tripled signal was detected on steps up to order 120.

DOI
10.1109/tmag.1987.1065124

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Journal of Applied Physics•Jul 15, 1989•5 citations
We report the observation of one-third harmonic generation in small Josephson tunnel junctions driven with a microwave signal in the frequency range 8 to 18 GHz. This phenomenon was observed both with the junction biased in the zero voltage state and on microwave-induced constant-voltage steps in the current-voltage characteristic. With high levels of applied microwave power the period-tripled signal was detected on steps up to order 120.
One-third harmonic signals have been generated in the zero voltage state of a Josephson tunnel junction driven with a microwave current in the frequency range 8–20 GHz. The signal was as much as 50 dB above the noise level of the detector with a linewidth of less than 100 Hz. The junction parameters and microwave current were measured in situ in separate experiments. The subharmonic generation occurred for ranges of microwave current and frequency that were in reasonable agreement with the results of digital computer simulations.
Abstl'act W& l'epol't the obsel'vation of one-thil'd hal'monic .genel'ation in small Josephson tunnel junctions dl'iven with a micl'owave signal in the fl'equency range 8 to 18 GHz.This phenomenon was observed both with the• junction biased in the zero voltage state and• on micl'owave-induced constant-voltage steps in the.CUl'l'ent-voltage chal'acteristic.With high levels of applied microwave power the period-tl'ipled signal was detected on steps up to order 120.''~
A small-area Josephson tunnel junction is pumped by the radiation emitted by a long Josephson junction dc biased on a zero-field singularity. Josephson constant voltage steps are observed in the current-voltage characteristic of the small junction at voltages of ±150 μV corresponding to the fundamental frequency of emission of the oscillator. The radiation also gives rise to quasiparticle steps around the gap-sum voltage of the small junction. From the measured current amplitude of the steps we estimate that the maximum power coupled to the small junction is about 90 nW.
Experiments are reported in which two millimeter-wave signals incident on point-contact Josephson junctions produced changes in the junction dc voltage versus current characteristic and an intermediate frequency output whose amplitude depended sensitively on both junction bias and applied power. Equations are derived, based on Josephson's phenomenological equations, for the Josephson current in a junction exposed to two applied rf signals. When the applied signals differ appreciably in frequency, additional constant-voltage steps in the $V\ensuremath{-}I$ curve are predicted which are spaced at the difference frequency. These steps have been observed in experiments employing sources at 64 and 72 Gc/sec. Results of mixing experiments utilizing two sources nearly equal in frequency are reported at 23 and at 72 Gc/sec. In this case the two waves beat together and are equivalent in their effect to a single signal amplitude modulated at the difference frequency. Also explained on the same basis are experiments in which the third harmonic of a signal at 24 Gc/sec mixed with a signal at 72 Gc/sec. These results demonstrate the existence of the Josephson mixing mechanism as opposed to classical nonlinear mixing, and they show that it is operative at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies over a wide range of power.