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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Polarisation of fluorescence radiation following atomic photoionisation

H. Klar

Published May 28, 1980• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The polarisation and angular distribution pattern of radiation emitted from excited ions are investigated. Anisotropic electron-ion interactions are shown to play an important role for the polarisation of emitted light. Some examples are discussed.
DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/13/10/011

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A method alternative to the density matrix formalism is applied to derive a general expression for the radiative decay probability following the photoionization of polarized atoms in two-step approximation. The graphical technique of the angular momentum theory is used for the integration over angular and spin variables. The general expression joining both steps of photoionization and fluorescence contains the possibility to investigate the polarization of all particles in the initial and final states and the angular distributions as well as angular correlations of photoelectrons and radiation. A simple way to get the expressions for special cases of the angular distribution and polarization of fluorescence radiation in the photoionization of randomly orientated and polarized atoms is given as an example of the practical application of the general formula.
For pt.I see ibid., vol.19, p.79 (1986). The authors study the two-photon ionisation of unpolarised target atoms of caesium in their ground state or in one of the two first excited states 6P 1/2 or 6P 3/2 in the non-resonant region. Circularly, linearly and unpolarised light are considered. For each case they give a systematic analysis of generalised transition probabilities, angular distributions and polarisation phenomena. In particular, it is shown that polarised electrons can be obtained even with linearly or unpolarised light.
A new formulation is presented for the angular distribution and the polarization of light excited by atomic and electronic collisions and modulated in time by the action of internal and external fields. The formulation disentangles geometrical and dynamical effects and stresses the extraction of data on the alignment and orientation of radiating atoms from observations of the emitted light. The treatment is set in the context of recent experimental and theoretical literature and points to new avenues of research.
Racah algebra and standard irreducible tensor techniques show that the probability of two-photon absorption followed by fluorescent decay can be written as a product of two terms with in a series of summations. One term embraces the electric-dipole interactions between the radiation fields and the atomic system and the other, a geometric term, depends upon the choice of experimental orientation and the polarisation of the fields. Examination of the geometric term allows the angular distribution of the radiation emitted following two-photon absorption to be investigated for different atomic coupling schemes for counterpropagating light beams of arbitrary polarisation.
A theory appropriate for investigating the angular spectra of atoms scattered out of an atomic beam by resonance fluorescence due to interactions with an orthogonal uniform light beam is presented. Particular emphasis is made on the scattering in the plane containing the two beams. The atomic distribution is shown to be intimately related to the angular distribution of the spontaneously emitted photons. Both distributions show marked variations with the detuning and field intensity parameters, leading to the possibility of maximum scattering of atoms to occur on either side of the atomic beam, while the accompanying photons are always emitted on one particular side of the light beam. Since the angular distributions reflect the momentum changes suffered by both the atoms and the electromagnetic field, this lends insight into the basic mechanisms involved in resonance fluorescence.