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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Three-photon ionisation spectra of strontium in the excitation range 5560-5640 AA

S. L. Chin, Dieter Feldmann, J Krautwald, K. H. Welge

Published Jul 28, 1981• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The three-photon ionisation of strontium atoms via resonance in the last photon absorption with some autoionising states was observed in the excitation range 5560-5640 AA using a tunable dye laser. The spectra as a function of the laser intensity are reported. Very rapid line broadening and ion enhancement together with very asymmetric line profiles are observed.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/14/14/008

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Dec 14, 1991•12 citations
The three-photon ionisation of strontium atoms via resonance in the last photon absorption with some autoionising states was observed in the excitation range 5560-5640 AA using a tunable dye laser. The spectra as a function of the laser intensity are reported. Very rapid line broadening and ion enhancement together with very asymmetric line profiles are observed.
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Laser-induced collisional ionisation of caesium is observed in a strontium-caesium vapour mixture. In their initial state both atomic species are in the ground level. The ionisation of caesium is achieved when the system is illuminated by an intense laser light, the frequency of which is tuned across the resonance line of strontium. The process involves photoabsorption during the collisional interaction. It is monitored by the observation of optical fluorescence after Cs + , e - recombination. The laser-induced collisional ionisation profile, i.e. the variation of the ionisation yield against the laser wavelength is recorded under various experimental conditions.
We report on the single and double multiphoton ionization of ground state Sr atoms observed in an atomic beam experiment with laser pulses of ∼5 ns duration, maximum intensity ∼4 × 10 11 W cm −2 and within the 710–740 nm wavelength range. The Sr + spectrum consists of two strong lines originating from three-photon resonant four-photon ionization of bound states, a number of weak autoionizing resonances and a broad line due to four-photon excitation of the doubly excited 5p 2 1 S 0 state. The latter, along with a strong, broad and structured spectral feature, is also evident in the wavelength dependence of the doubly charged Sr 2+ ion. A weakly evident but reproducible inflection point ('knee' structure) appears in the intensity dependence of the Sr 2+ yield at the location of the 5p 2 1 S 0 resonance. A complementary fluorescence experiment revealed the accumulation of population in the 5p 1/2 , 3/2 , 6s 1/2 and 5d 3/2 , 5/2 excited Sr + states during the laser pulse. All fluorescence signals depend on laser wavelength in a manner similar to the recorded Sr + spectrum. The population accumulation in the 5p 1/2 , 3/2 ionic states unambiguously proves the absorption of two photons above the first 5s 1/2 atomic threshold while that of the 5d 3/2 , 5/2 and 6s 1/2 ones suggest the absorption of at least two more. Since under our laser pulse duration and intensity the absorption of such a number of photons in an unstructured continuum is highly improbable, it may be concluded that the process is mediated by dense manifolds of near- resonant doubly excited states, their role in the dynamics of laser–atom interaction under our conditions being far more crucial than in studies conducted using intense ultrashort pulses.
Atomic strontium vapor in a thermionic diode is irradiated by the light from a tunable dye laser at two-photon resonance on the 5s5d1D2 state. At a laser intensity of ~ 108 W/cm2 and a vapor pressure of several torrs, not only three-photon ionization occurs but also the generation of new frequencies due to a nonlinear polarization is observed. Simultaneously, strong and strictly directed beams are generated which are resonantly enhanced by the 5s5p1P1 and 5s6p1P1 states, respectively. Close to the first resonance, four-wave mixing causes braodband two-photon emission, the bandwidth of which is determined by the region of negative dispersion due to phase matching. On the other hand the process via the 6p state is exactly resonant as can be shown by comparison in every case with the respective fluorescence light. At higher pressures (~ 10Torr), however, a second line appears, which is also shifted to the side of negative dispersion.
Multiphoton ionization (MPI) of barium atom using an excimer-pumped pulsed dye laser has been studied in the wavelength range 570-608 nm at a laser intensity approximately 10.0 GW cm -2 . Resonances in MPI were recorded by monitoring either the ions produced in the multiphoton process using a thermionic detector or fluorescence from the ions formed in their various excited states of Ba + . The observation of photoion and fluorescence spectra were made on Ba vapour in the heat-pipe oven in the moderate-density regime ( approximately 10 13 atoms/cm 3 ) so that the collisional effects are negligible. Fine-structure resolution of the final ionic state (6p 2 P 1/2,3/2 ), produced after four-photon autoionizing decay was obtained. The decay of the Ba atom after four-photon absorption preferentially populates the 6p 2 P 3/2 state relative to the 6p 2 P 1/2 state.