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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

A study of the energy source for photon echoes

Carrie S. Cornish, William Randall Babbitt, Leung Tsang

Published Jan 1, 2000• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. There are several conflicting descriptions of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) process. The SPE is often described as a phased array of classical dipole radiators in which the atoms' spontaneous emission during the time of the echo radiates constructively in the direction of the echo and destructively in all other directions. A second description is that the SPE arises as a linear scattering event. In this paper we numerically and experimentally show that the SPE arises from a macroscopic polarization of the medium at a time /spl tau//sub 21/ after the third pulse and its energy is extracted from the atomic excited-state population. The energy extracted from the system manifests itself as a permanent drop in the population of excited-state atoms at the time of the echo. Such a permanent drop is not consistent with first two descriptions of the SPE process.

DOI
10.1109/cleo.2000.907292

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Laser Physics Letters•Feb 3, 2005•13 citations
Summary form only given. There are several conflicting descriptions of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) process. The SPE is often described as a phased array of classical dipole radiators in which the atoms' spontaneous emission during the time of the echo radiates constructively in the direction of the echo and destructively in all other directions. A second description is that the SPE arises as a linear scattering event. In this paper we numerically and experimentally show that the SPE arises from a macroscopic polarization of the medium at a time /spl tau//sub 21/ after the third pulse and its energy is extracted from the atomic excited-state population. The energy extracted from the system manifests itself as a permanent drop in the population of excited-state atoms at the time of the echo. Such a permanent drop is not consistent with first two descriptions of the SPE process.
The polarization of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) generated in a gas at the 0↔1 transition was analysed for the first time for all combinations of three linearly polarized resonant radiation exciting pulses. Experimental results were obtained for the SPE generated at the inter-combination transition (6s 2 ) 1 S 0 ↔(6s6p) 3 P 1 of 174 Yb (type 0↔1). In the case where one of the exciting pulses had linear polarization crossed with that of the other two exciting pulses, the SPE polarization proved to be linear and parallel to the crossed pulse polarization. When the second and third exciting pulses had linear polarizations crossed with that of the first one, no SPE in pure ytterbium appeared. For high dilution of ytterbium with the Xe atomic buffer, a collision-induced SPE appeared and showed a non-monotonic amplitude dependence on the buffer pressure and a polarization coinciding with the polarization of the first pulse.
For the first time, stimulated photon echoes (SPE) generated in a gas at the transition 0↔1 by circularly polarized resonant radiation pulses were analysed both theoretically and experimentally. Experiments were performed for the inter-combination transition (6s2) 1S0↔ (6s6p) 3P1 of 174Yb (type 0↔1). The SPE generated by three radiation pulses of identical circular polarizations has the same circular polarization. When the second or the third exciting radiation pulse has a circular polarization opposite to that of the other two pulses, the SPE polarization coincides with that of the oppositely polarized pulse. Finally, when the first exciting radiation pulse has a circular polarization opposite to the circular polarizations of the second pulse and third pulse, the SPE does not appear either in pure ytterbium vapour or in its mixture with a heavy atomic buffer.
Situations when a set of resonant radiation pulses can not create photon echo (PE) or stimulated photon echo (SPE) at relatively simple optically allowed transition in a gas are investigated. Some cases when dilution by atomic buffer can imply PE or SPE generation are analyzed. Discovered experimentally mechanisms, amplitudes, and polarization properties of these collision induced PE and collision induced SPE are in agreement with theoretical predictions. Dynamic Stark suppression of photon echo is also studied.
A numerical investigation is reported of the characteristics of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) excited by a sequence of 2 n ( n ≥ 2) paired pulses in an extended medium. The evolution of these pulses during propagation is taken into account. The SPE is shown to have a threshold governed by the total initial area of the excitation pulses. Stable SPE amplification is observed when this total area exceeds the threshold value, which is π. The optimal conditions for the SPE are identical for optically thin and dense media. This is a cumulative effect. The existence of a threshold affects also the cumulative effect: the nature of the dependence of the SPE amplitude on the number of the excitation pulse pairs varies with their total initial area. The cumulative effect is observed also when the pulse areas are no longer small. The linear part of the dependence of the SPE signal on n becomes narrower when the dimensions of a sample are increased, which is a consequence of the nonlinear nature of the evolution of pulse pairs in extended media.
Elastic and depolarizing collisions between excited strontium (5s 5p 3P1) and noble gases are investigated in a broadband stimulated photon echo (SPE) experiment. The stimulated photon echo signal produced under broadband (incoherent) excitation is calculated in the weak field regime both for correlated and for uncorrelated pulses using a simple statistical model for the light field. The relaxation of the echo signal due to elastic collisions is considered and the complete development of the corresponding propagator is derived. The collisional velocity changes concerning the total population and the alignment are compared precisely in the SPE experiment and the corresponding relaxation rates are measured. A simple long-range Van der Waals potential accounts for population scattering data ; total elastic scattering cross sections are deduced from the comparison of experiment and calculation (σelAr = 583(27) Å2; σ elHe = 190(6) Å2). The collisional model is extended for light perturbers to include both the small angle classical scattering region and the diffractive scattering region. Total rates for destruction of alignment are measured in an auxiliary photon echo experiment (σ (2)He = 91 (4) Å2; ; σ(2) Ne = 102 (14) A2 ; σ(2)Ar = 267 (13 ) Å2 ; σ(2)Kr = 329 (21) Å2 ; σ(2)Xc = 370 (13) Å2). SPE data for depolarization are compared with a calculation based upon a long-range anisotropic model potential.
Shape correlation and magnetic field control of stimulated photon echo (SPE) are investigated as basic properties useful for optical data storage and treatment. The SPE polarization was investigated in ytterbium vapour at the intercombination transition (6s6p) 3P1 → (6s2) 1S0 for the first time in a wide range of longitudinal magnetic field strength. SPE was generated by three resonant laser pulses of identical linear polarization and wave vectors directed symmetrically at small angles to the axis of cylindric vapour cell. SPE polarization is close to linear one in zero magnetic field. As magnetic field increases, the SPE polarization acquires ellipticity with the ellipse axis rotated around magnetic field vector. Components of SPE polarization show oscillations versus magnetic field with higher contrast of the oscillations in the weak field.