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Physical Review A

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in a two-level system

Aharon Postan, Jagdish Rai, Charles M. Bowden

Published Mar 1, 1992• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Resonances in the interaction of a saturable two-level system with stimulated Brillouin scattering are discussed. These resonances appear due to the coupling between the two-level system and the resonant acoustic waves that are excited in the host substance by a coherent electromagnetic field of two mutually detuned, counterpropagating laser beams. Results for sodium vapor mixed with nitrogen buffer gas are presented.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.45.3294

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•Sep 16, 2014•0 citations
Resonances in the interaction of a saturable two-level system with stimulated Brillouin scattering are discussed. These resonances appear due to the coupling between the two-level system and the resonant acoustic waves that are excited in the host substance by a coherent electromagnetic field of two mutually detuned, counterpropagating laser beams. Results for sodium vapor mixed with nitrogen buffer gas are presented.
New resonances are predicted in the interaction of a two-level system (TLS) with laser radiation. These resonances are related to the nonlinear coupling between the TLS and Brillouin enhanced acoustic waves driven by the laser radiation. Resonances in phase conjugation by four-wave mixing driven by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) of laser radiation in fluids have been studied elsewhere.1,2 The coupling of such resonances to the TLS interaction with laser radiation influences the spectral behavior of the TLS. Such resonances appear in addition to the Rabi sidebands. The inclusion of these resonances should have important practical implications in processes that depend on accurate spectral behavior such as in the fields of laser spectroscopy, four-wave mixing, and phase conjugation. Here the new resonances are demonstrated for two mutually detuned counterpropagating laser beams interacting with a TLS at frequencies that may be detuned from the TLS spectral line center. The nonlinear Maxwell Bloch equations coupled to the acoustic wave equation are solved numerically. Damping due to viscosity is taken into account. Wave depletion is included and no perturbation theory approximations are assumed in the numerical solution of these equations.
A theory is given of the stimulated scattering of light as a result of interaction of a strong electromagnetic wave with a dynamic grating (wave) of the population N of an excited state if N affects the refractive index of the medium. The medium is regarded as an assembly of two-level systems and the dependence of the permittivity ε on N is assumed to be linearized. If δε / δ N <0, the amplification due to the stimulated scattering is expected in the anti-Stokes region on illumination of an unexcited medium. Under lasing conditions the amplification should occur in the Stokes region of the strong electromagnetic field (wave). This mechanism may be the cause of the mutual coupling between laser modes.
We measure the spectrum of coherent Brillouin scattering (CBS) in a gas as a function of time and observe for the first time additional spectral sidebands and line shape narrowing of the Brillouin peak. We find that both effects result from the interference of the density modulation induced by the moving dipole force of the pump beams with the acoustic waves induced by their fast thermalization and are predicted by a hydrodynamic-light scattering model. These line shapes differ from both spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering spectra and also from previous coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin measurements.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is generation of a narrow window in which electromagnetic field absorption is inhibited. Experimentally, a probe tuned to a certain absorption wavelength is allowed to transmit through a gaseous vapor only in the presence of a second control laser. In other words, a probe is forbidden to cause an excitation from one energy level to another through coherent coupling with a third, intermediate energy level that creates an interference pathway. In this study, Brillouin scattering analogue of EIT is demonstrated using the two optical modes that are coupled through a phase matched acoustic mode. The coherent coupling of two energy levels is emulated by the acousto-optic interaction of Brillouin scattering. The probe phase response is analyzed to estimate BSIT's effect on the velocity of light pulse. As BSIT modifies the dispersion of light, it is understood as either slowing or advancing light propagation depending on the sign of the slope of the probe phase response. Lastly, the non-reciprocity of Brillouin scattering is theoretically considered. The non-reciprocity, or a break in time reversal symmetry, is a unique property of Brillouin scattering process due to the traveling surface acoustic wave which is used for phase matching the optical modes. Therefore, BSIT can be used for applications such as optical isolation while no other transparency systems can.