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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Coherent states for the quantum mechanics on a compact manifold

K. Kowalski, Jakub Rembieliński

Published Jul 15, 2008• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We review our recent observations concerning quantum mechanics on such compact manifolds as a circle, torus and sphere.
DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/41/30/304021

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The coherent states for a particle on a sphere are introduced. These states are labelled by points of the classical phase space, i.e. the position on the sphere and the angular momentum of a particle. As with the coherent states for a particle on a circle discussed in Kowalski et al ( 1996 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 29 4149 ), we deal with a deformation of the classical phase space related to quantum fluctuations. The expectation values of the position and the angular momentum in the coherent states are regarded as the best possible approximation of the classical phase space. The correctness of the introduced coherent states is illustrated by an example of the rotator.
We derive the two-valuedness and the angular momentum of a spin-1/2 from a rotation of 3-dimensional surface of a sphere existing in extra 4-dimensional space other than normal 3-dimensional space, in this paper. We will derive the two-valuedness of the spin as follows. We introduce 3-dimensional surface of a sphere S3 existing in extra 4-dimensional space (W, X, Y, Z) other than normal 3-dimensional space (x, y, z). We interpret the angle of rotation of the 3-sphere S3 as the phase of a wave function. We interpret the 3-sphere S3 as the absolute value of a wave function. We can express 3-sphere as the manifold with a constant sum of squares of the radius of two circles. When one circle's radius becomes the maximum, the other circle's radius becomes zero. Therefore, we can turn the circle inside out naturally. If we combine the circle turned inside out with the original circle, the manifold becomes a torus with a node. If we rotate the node of the torus by 360 degrees, we can turn the torus inside out. If we rotate the node of the torus 720 degrees, we can return the torus to the original state. This property is consistent with the property of the spin. We derive the angular momentum of the spin as follows. We make 3-dimensional solid sphere by removing one point from 3-sphere S3. On the other hand, we can make boundary like a 3-sphere S3 by removing one point from normal 3-dimensional space (x, y, z). We combine the boundaries of them. By repeating this, we can construct 3-dimensional helical space. The angle of rotation of the 3-sphere S3 is the angle of rotation of 3-dimensional helical space. On the other hand, we can interpret the angle of the rotation in the helical space as the coordinates (x, y, z) of the normal 3-dimensional space. Therefore, we can interpret the angular momentum of the 3-sphere S3 as the angular momentum of normal space.
We consider the uncertainty relation between position and momentum of a particle on $ S^1 $ (a circle). Since $ S^1 $ is compact, the uncertainty of position must be bounded. Consideration on the uncertainty of position demands delicate treatment. Recently Ohnuki and Kitakado have formulated quantum mechanics on $ S^D $ (a DDD-dimensional sphere). Armed with their formulation, we examine this subject. We also consider parity and find a phenomenon similar to the spontaneous symmetry breaking. We discuss problems which we encounter when we attempt to formulate quantum mechanics on a general manifold.