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Physical Review A

Single-photon transistor using microtoroidal resonators

Fang-Yu Hong, Shi‐Jie Xiong

Published Jul 9, 2008• 41 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a scheme for single-photon transistors based on the strong interaction of a three-level atom with a microtoroidal resonator, where the presence (absence) of a single ``gate'' photon is sufficient to block (allow) the propagation of a ``signal'' photon. Considering its robustness against major experimental errors and high efficiency for coupling single photons into and out of the resonator through a fiber taper, this scheme may be a promising candidate for single-photon transistors.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.013812

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We present a scheme for single-photon transistors based on the strong interaction of a three-level atom with a microtoroidal resonator, where the presence (absence) of a single gate'' photon is sufficient to block (allow) the propagation of a signal'' photon. Considering its robustness against major experimental errors and high efficiency for coupling single photons into and out of the resonator through a fiber taper, this scheme may be a promising candidate for single-photon transistors.
Abstract A symmetrical approach is suggested (Chang DE et al. Nat Phys 3:807, 2007) to realize a single-photon transistor, where the presence (or absence) of a single incident photon in a ‘gate’ field is sufficient to allow (prevent) the propagation of a subsequent ‘signal’ photon along the nanowire, on condition that the ‘gate’ field is symmetrically incident from both sides of an emitter simultaneously. We present a scheme for single-photon transistors based on the strong emitter-surface-plasmon interaction. In this scheme, coherent absorption of an incoming ‘gate’ photon incident along a nanotip by an emitter located near the tip of the nanotip results in a state flip in the emitter, which controls the subsequent propagation of a ‘signal’ photon in a nanowire perpendicular to the axis of the nanotip.
We introduce a circuit quantum electrodynamical setup for a "single-photon" transistor. In our approach photons propagate in two open transmission lines that are coupled via two interacting transmon qubits. The interaction is such that no photons are exchanged between the two transmission lines but a single photon in one line can completely block or enable the propagation of photons in the other line. High on-off ratios can be achieved for feasible experimental parameters. Our approach is inherently scalable as all photon pulses can have the same pulse shape and carrier frequency such that output signals of one transistor can be input signals for a consecutive transistor.
Single photons from a coherent input are efficiently redirected to a separate output by way of a fiber-coupled microtoroidal cavity interacting with individual cesium atoms. By operating in an overcoupled regime for the input-output to a tapered fiber, our system functions as a quantum router with high efficiency for photon sorting. Single photons are reflected and excess photons transmitted, as confirmed by observations of photon antibunching (bunching) for the reflected (transmitted) light. Our photon router is robust against large variations of atomic position and input power, with the observed photon antibunching persisting for intracavity photon number 0.03 < or approximately similar n < or approximately similar 0.7.
We propose a single-photon transistor scheme based on cavity quantum electrodynamics that employs variable coupling between a resonator and a waveguide. We show that the effective absorption of a single photon of arbitrary shape can be realized through controlled variation of the coupling. Subsequently, with coupling turned off, the absorbed photon would remain inside the resonator, alter the effective frequency of the artificial atom, and enable the controlled resonant transmission of multiple source photons. Moreover, the gate photon can be easily retrieved. Our results provide a promising platform for coherent manipulation and individual microwave photon detection, which has potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum communication.
We present a scheme for a single-photon transistor which can be implemented with only minor modifications of existing superconducting circuits. The proposal employs a three-level anharmonic ladder atom, e.g., a transmon qubit, placed in a cavity to mimic a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atom with two long-lived states. This configuration may enable a wide range of effects originally studied in quantum optical systems to be realized in superconducting systems, and in particular allow for single-photon transistors. We study analytically and numerically the efficiency and the gain of the proposed transistor as a function of the experimental parameters, in particular of the level anharmonicity and of the various decay and decoherence rates. State-of-the-art values for these parameters indicate that error probabilities of $\ensuremath{\sim}1%$ and gains of the order of hundreds can be obtained.