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Optics Letters

Transition between different coherent light–matter interaction regimes analyzed by phase-resolved pulse propagation

Tilman Höner zu Siederdissen, Nils C. Nielsen, Jürgen Kuhl, Martin Schaarschmidt, Jens Förstner, Andreas Knorr, G. Khitrova, Hyatt M. Gibbs, S. W. Koch, Harald W. Giessen

Published Jun 1, 2005• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present phase-resolved pulse propagation measurements that allow us to fully describe the transition between several light-matter interaction regimes. The complete range from linear excitation to the breakdown of the photonic bandgap on to self-induced transmission and self-phase modulation is studied on a high-quality multiple-quantum-well Bragg structure. An improved fast-scanning cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating setup is applied to retrieve the pulse phase with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Calculations using the semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch equations show qualitative agreement with the experimental findings.

DOI
10.1364/ol.30.001384

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We demonstrate that the temporal pulse phase remains essentially unaltered before separate phase characteristics are developed when propagating high-intensity pulses coherently on the exciton resonance of an optically thick semiconductor. This behavior is a clear manifestation of self-induced transmission and pulse breakup into soliton-like pulses due to Rabi flopping of the carrier density. Experiments using a novel fast-scan cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (XFROG) method are in good agreement with numerical calculations based on the semiconductor Bloch equations.
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Light matter coherent interactions require that the coherent state induced in the matter be maintained for the duration of the observation. The only way to induce and observe such interactions in room temperature semiconductors, where the coherence time is of the order of a few hundred femtoseconds, is to use ultrashort pulse excitations and an ultrafast characterization technique. For media comprising an ensemble of nanostructure semiconductors such as self-assembled quantum dots, the gain broadening inhomogeneity also affects the interaction. Moreover, when gain media in the form of an active waveguide, such as optical amplifiers, are used, the interaction is distributed and includes nonresonant incoherent phenomena that occur simultaneously with the coherent effects. Such a complex system can exhibit, nevertheless, clear coherent interactions even at room temperature. Using InAs/InP quantum dot and wirelike quantum dash amplifiers, Rabi oscillations, self-induced transparency, coherent control using spectral pulse shaping, Ramsey interference, and photon echo have been demonstrated. The characterization employed cross frequency resolved optical gating, and the experiments were accompanied by a comprehensive finite difference time domain model that solves the Maxwell and Lindblad equations. This work has major implications on the understanding of the details of dynamical processes in active semiconductor devices, on short pulse generation from semiconductor lasers, and on various future quantum devices.