We present a detailed analysis of the set theoretical proof of Wigner for Bell type inequalities with the following result. Wigner introduced a crucial assumption that is not related to Einstein’s local realism, but instead, without justification, to the existence of certain joint probability measures for possible and actual measurement outcomes of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiments. His conclusions about Einstein’s local realism are, therefore, not applicable to EPR experiments and the contradiction of the experimental outcomes to Wigner’s results has no bearing on the validity of Einstein’s local realism.
As clarified in preceding chapters, conventional “quantum mechanics” is not a complete theory. This fact was pointed out by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (1935). In connection with the completeness problem, the locality of hidden-variable theories of quantum mechanics was suspected. It seems that Bell’s discussion (1964) based on his inequality has convinced people that any hidden-variable theory becomes necessarily incompatible with quantum mechanics if it satisfies the locality. But, as will be shown, Bell’s conclusion (1964) is not correct.
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