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Australian Journal of Physics

Wigner’s Variant of Bell’s Inequality

Johannes F. Geurdes

Published Oct 12, 1998• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that Wigner’s variant of Bell’s inequality does not exclude all local hidden variable explanations of the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen problem.
DOI
10.1071/p97067

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1. Einstein A. Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? / A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, N. Rosen // Phys. Rev. 47 — 1935 — 777. 2. Bell J.S. On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox / Bell J.S. // Physics (Long Island City, N.Y.) 1 — 1964 — 195. 3. Brunner N. Bell nonlocality / N. Brunner, D. Cavalcanti, S. Pironio, V. Scarani, S. Wehner // Rev. Mod. Phys. 86 — 2014 — 419. 4. Fine. A Hidden variables, joint probability, and the Bell inequalities / A. Fine // Phys. Rev. Lett 48 — 1982 — 291. 5. Abramsky S. The sheaf-theoretic structure of non-locality and contextuality / S. Abramsky, A. Brandenburger // New J. Phys. 13 — 2011 — 113036. 6. Farkas G. Theorie der Einfachen Ungleichungen / G. Farkas // Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 124 — 1902 — с. 1-27.

•Feb 26, 2021•0 citations
We present a detailed analysis of the set theoretical proof of Wigner for Bell type inequalities with the following result. Wigner introduced a crucial assumption that is not related to Einstein’s local realism, but instead, without justification, to the existence of certain joint probability measures for possible and actual measurement outcomes of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiments. His conclusions about Einstein’s local realism are, therefore, not applicable to EPR experiments and the contradiction of the experimental outcomes to Wigner’s results has no bearing on the validity of Einstein’s local realism.
As clarified in preceding chapters, conventional “quantum mechanics” is not a complete theory. This fact was pointed out by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (1935). In connection with the completeness problem, the locality of hidden-variable theories of quantum mechanics was suspected. It seems that Bell’s discussion (1964) based on his inequality has convinced people that any hidden-variable theory becomes necessarily incompatible with quantum mechanics if it satisfies the locality. But, as will be shown, Bell’s conclusion (1964) is not correct.
1. Einstein A. Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? / A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, N. Rosen // Phys. Rev. 47 — 1935 — 777. 2. Bell J.S. On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox / Bell J.S. // Physics (Long Island City, N.Y.) 1 — 1964 — 195. 3. Brunner N. Bell nonlocality / N. Brunner, D. Cavalcanti, S. Pironio, V. Scarani, S. Wehner // Rev. Mod. Phys. 86 — 2014 — 419. 4. Fine. A Hidden variables, joint probability, and the Bell inequalities / A. Fine // Phys. Rev. Lett 48 — 1982 — 291. 5. Abramsky S. The sheaf-theoretic structure of non-locality and contextuality / S. Abramsky, A. Brandenburger // New J. Phys. 13 — 2011 — 113036. 6. Farkas G. Theorie der Einfachen Ungleichungen / G. Farkas // Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 124 — 1902 — с. 1-27.