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Journal of Modern Optics

Photon echoes using broad-band c.w. laser

P. Talagala, S. H. Ling, M. K. Kim

Published Feb 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed various types of photon echoes in a rare-earth doped crystal using a broad-band c.w. dye laser. Even at the very low spectral power density of the laser, the quantum efficiency of photon echo generation is as large as those using high-power or narrow-band lasers. We have observed Carr-Purcell type photon echo series for the first time in a rare-earth doped crystal. We have measured relaxation of two-pulse photon echo, three-pulse stimulated photon echo, and many-pulse Carr-Purcell photon echo, and found some new features.

DOI
10.1080/09500349608232739

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Optics Letters•Mar 26, 1990•35 citations
We have observed various types of photon echoes in a rare-earth doped crystal using a broad-band c.w. dye laser. Even at the very low spectral power density of the laser, the quantum efficiency of photon echo generation is as large as those using high-power or narrow-band lasers. We have observed Carr-Purcell type photon echo series for the first time in a rare-earth doped crystal. We have measured relaxation of two-pulse photon echo, three-pulse stimulated photon echo, and many-pulse Carr-Purcell photon echo, and found some new features.
Multipulse photon echoes are observed from LaF3{\mathrm{LaF}}_{3}LaF3​:Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+ and are shown to be primarily stimulated echoes. The various contributions to the echoes were measured using a three-pulse photon-echo sequence that resolved the image of the echo generated by the first two pulses, and the echo generated by the second and third pulses and that of the first and third pulses from the stimulated echo. By use of a theoretical model of Shoemaker [in Laser and Coherence Spectroscopy, edited by J. I. Steinfeld (Plenum, New York, 1978)] and relaxation theory of Hu and Hartmann [Phys. Rev. B 9, 1 (1974)], the image echo contributions to the third echo is shown to be less than 10% of the total for the pulse widths and Rabi frequencies used in the measurements. As a result, multipulse photon echoes will find limited use in measuring coherence decay until very short high-intensity pulses are used to excite the echoes.
We study the optical properties of rare-earth-ion-doped inorganic crystals with an emphasis on the dependence of two-pulse photon echoes on the excitation density in the system. The experimental investigations concentrate on Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+:Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+:Eu3+{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}Eu3+ codoped Y2{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}Y2​SiO5{\mathrm{O}}_{5}O5​ and YAlO3{\mathrm{O}}_{3}O3​ crystals at low temperatures. With two pulses of one laser the echo is induced in one ion species and with a third, "scrambler" pulse of a second laser another species is excited. These scrambler excitations lead to a dephasing and thus to an echo attenuation which depends on the strength, frequency, and time of the scrambler pulse. The spectral sensitivity of the echo attenuation is used for a spectroscopic technique: "photon-echo attenuation spectroscopy." As a function of the delay time ts{t}_{s}ts​ between the scrambler pulse and the onset of the two-pulse echo sequence the attenuation shows a very specific behavior dictated by the excitation-induced frequency shifts (EFS's). For ts{t}_{s}ts​ between the two echo-inducing pulses the echo intensity is partially regained by the "dephasing-rephasing balancing" of the reversible EFS's. For the theoretical description a stochastic model is introduced and the dephasing by excitation-induced lattice vibrations and by EFS's are analyzed in detail. The present results are discussed in the light of previous experimental and theoretical investigations.
Processing of two-dimensional images on a nanosecond time scale is demonstrated using the stimulated photon echoes in a rare-earth-doped crystal (0.1 at. % Pr(3+):LaF(3)). Two spatially encoded laser pulses (pictures) resonant with the (3)P(0)-(3)H(4) transition of Pr(3+) were stored by focusing the image pulses sequentially into the Pr(3+):LaF(3) crystal. The stored information is retrieved and processed by a third read pulse, generating the echo that is the spatial convolution or correlation of the input images. Application of this scheme to high-speed pattern recognition is discussed.