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Frontiers in Optics

Subwavelength atom localization via coherent population trapping

Kishore T. Kapale, G. S. Agarwal

Published Jan 1, 2006• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an atom-localization scheme based on CPT driven by a standing-wave field. The population in one of the ground states experiences a fringe pattern similar to that of a Fabry-Perot interferometer causing atom localization.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2006.ftho5

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We present an atom localization scheme based on coherent population trapping. We consider atomic transitions in a Lambda configuration where the control field is a standing-wave field. The probe field and the control field produce coherence between the two ground states and prepare the atom in a pure state. We show that the population in one of the ground states has the same fringe pattern as produced by a Fabry–Perot interferometer and thus measurement of this population would localize the atom. Interestingly enough the role of the cavity finesse is played by the ratio of the intensities of the pump and probe. This is in fact the reason for obtaining extreme subwavelength localization.
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In this work, the authors proposed a novel state selective atom localization and patterning scheme named subwavelength localization via adiabatic passage (SLAP) that consists in coupling two partially overlapping and spatially structured laser fields to three internal levels of the matter wave yielding state-selective localization at those positions where the adiabatic passage process does not occur. Compared to the coherent population trapping (CPT) based techniques, the SLAP technique presents several important advantages. The paper describes the SLAP technique to coherently achieve state-selective patterning and addressing of matter waves and analyze its potential implementation for nanolithography with an atomic beam of metastable Ne and for coherent patterning of a two-component87Rb BEC.
We propose a scheme for subwavelength localization of an atom conditioned upon the absorption of a weak probe field at a particular frequency. Manipulating atom-field interaction on a certain transition by applying drive fields on nearby coupled transitions leads to interesting effects in the absorption spectrum of the weak probe field. We exploit this fact and employ a four-level system with three driving fields and a weak probe field, where one of the drive fields is a standing-wave field of a cavity. We show that the position of an atom along this standing wave is determined when probe-field absorption is measured. We find that absorption of the weak probe field at a certain frequency leads to subwavelength localization of the atom in either of the two half-wavelength regions of the cavity field by appropriate choice of the system parameters. We term this result as sub-half-wavelength localization to contrast it with the usual atom localization result of four peaks spread over one wavelength of the standing wave. We observe two localization peaks in either of the two half-wavelength regions along the cavity axis.
Ramsey spectroscopy via coherent population trapping (CPT) is essential in precision measurements. The conventional CPT-Ramsey fringes contain numbers of almost identical oscillations and so that it is difficult to identify the central fringe. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a temporal spinwave Fabry-Pérot interferometry via double-ΛΛΛ CPT of laser-cooled 87^{87}87Rb atoms. Due to the constructive interference of temporal spinwaves, the transmission spectrum appears as a comb of equidistant peaks in frequency domain and thus the central Ramsey fringe can be easily identified. From the optical Bloch equations for our five-level double-ΛΛΛ system, the transmission spectrum is analytically explained by the Fabry-Pérot interferometry of temporal spinwaves. Due to small amplitude difference between the two Landé factors, each peak splits into two when the external magnetic field is not too weak. This peak splitting can be employed to measure an unknown magnetic field without involving magneto-sensitive transitions.