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Optics Letters

Pulse delay at diffractive structures under resonance conditions

Frank Schreier, Martin Schmitz, Olof Bryngdahl

Published Sep 1, 1998• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An optical pulse incident upon a diffractive structure under resonance conditions may undergo a temporal delay. The effect is demonstrated with a pulse of Gaussian profile at two geometries: a waveguide grating and a single-mode waveguide. It is shown that the order of magnitude of the delay can be controlled by the parameters of the structures.

DOI
10.1364/ol.23.001337

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An optical pulse incident upon a diffractive structure under resonance conditions may undergo a temporal delay. The effect is demonstrated with a pulse of Gaussian profile at two geometries: a waveguide grating and a single-mode waveguide. It is shown that the order of magnitude of the delay can be controlled by the parameters of the structures.
Time and space are dual variables which bring a lot of analogies during theoretical study. In this paper, we extend the concept of a spatial optical waveguide to the temporal domain. Here we show that it is possible to confine the optical pulse within a time interval by introducing the temporal index boundaries. The confined pulse will propagate at a speed of the index change in the waveguide, and it will be behind the original optical pulse which propagates without the temporal index variations. In this way, we may offer an approach to broaden the bandwidth of the slow light and to tune the light speed based on the existing slow light devices. The temporal waveguide has modes, which are the temporal waveforms maintaining their shapes during the propagation. In a single-mode temporal waveguide, the pulse retains its shape as the only mode of the waveguide just like an optical soliton. In a multimode temporal waveguide, multimode interference effect exists, which can duplicate a single pulse into multiple copies and be potentially implemented for all-optical signal processing.
We demonstrate that propagation direction and velocity of optical pulses can be controlled independently in the structures with multiscale modulation of the refractive index in transverse and longitudinal directions. We reveal that, in arrays of waveguides with phase-shifted Bragg gratings, the refraction angle does not depend on the speed of light, allowing for efficient spatial steering of slow light. In this system, both spatial diffraction and temporal dispersion can be designed independently, and we identify the possibility for self-collimation of slow light when spatial diffraction is suppressed for certain propagation directions. We also show that broadening of pulses in space and time can be eliminated in nonlinear media, supporting the formation of slow-light optical bullets that remain localized irrespective of propagation direction.
We performed optical image propagation experiments in an image resonator consisting of a Fabry-Perot resonator in reflection geometry. Two-dimensional images encoded on optical pulses of 32ns were stored, and either advanced, -6.0ns, or delayed, 10.9ns, using the dispersion relation relevant to the image resonator, in the under- or over- coupling condition, respectively. The overall images are propagated through the resonator clearly, while the diffraction effects were analyzed both in real-space and in k-space.