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Physical Review A

Schrödinger-cat-like states for quantum fundamental solitons in optical fibers

Demin Yao

Published Jan 1, 1997• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The generation of Schr\"odinger-cat-like states for quantum fundamental solitons in optical fibers is investigated. It is shown that the generation is possible at proper times in the dynamical evolution of an appropriately chosen initial state. Such a Schr\"odinger-cat-like state has a minimum number of components, three, and the superposition coefficients of components are all real. Mean values of the field and the intensity operators are calculated and the associated quantum interference behavior characteristic of quantum coherent superposition in the Schr\"odinger-cat-like states is revealed. The effect of dissipation on the Schr\"odinger-cat-like states is analyzed using a beam splitter. The severity with which losses tend to destroy interference between components of the input Schr\"odinger-cat-like state is noted.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.55.701

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The generation of Schr"odinger-cat-like states for quantum fundamental solitons in optical fibers is investigated. It is shown that the generation is possible at proper times in the dynamical evolution of an appropriately chosen initial state. Such a Schr"odinger-cat-like state has a minimum number of components, three, and the superposition coefficients of components are all real. Mean values of the field and the intensity operators are calculated and the associated quantum interference behavior characteristic of quantum coherent superposition in the Schr"odinger-cat-like states is revealed. The effect of dissipation on the Schr"odinger-cat-like states is analyzed using a beam splitter. The severity with which losses tend to destroy interference between components of the input Schr"odinger-cat-like state is noted.
We study the evolution of a initially coherent state of an electromagnetic field propagating in a Kerr medium with saturable nonlinearity. By using the quantum phase distribution formalism, we analyse the dependence of the output signal phase configuration upon input field amplitude. We observe that the saturation of the nonlinear contribution of the refractive index of the propagation medium introduces interference effects that compromise the observation of macroscopically well distinguishable components of the output state. For input amplitudes much larger than a characteristic saturation amplitude the final state differs from the input state only by an overall phase shift. Possible relevance of the present results in the experimental search of Schrödinger cat-like states using semiconductor-doped glass optical fibres is discussed.
A scheme for generating Schr\"odinger-cat-like states of a single-mode optical field by means of conditional measurement is proposed. Feeding a squeezed vacuum into a beam splitter and counting the photons in one of the output channels, the conditional states in the other output channel exhibit a number of properties that are very similar to those of superpositions of two coherent states with opposite phases. We present analytical and numerical results for the photon-number and quadrature-component distributions of the conditional states and their Wigner and Husimi functions. Further, we discuss the effect of realistic photocounting on the states.
Abstract Generation of nonclassical states is a necessary requirement for all quantum science and technology protocols. In this regard, Schrödinger cat states, as quantum superpositions of mocroscopically distinguishable coherent states with equal amplitude and opposite phases, have been of great importance in recent years. In this paper, using some appropriate nonlinear optical media, a theoretical scheme is employed to generate various classes of cat-like states with the help of the connection between quantum and nonlinear optics. In fact, we have exploited a single simple method to produce even, odd and also Yurke-Stoler cat-like states by considering different input states such as coherent squeezed, squeezed coherent, photon-added coherent, pair coherent and trio coherent states. To achieve the purpose, we extensively use cross-Kerr interaction and its further generalizations to higher-orders. Projective measurement is the original conception behind the represented approach by which distinct types of nonclassical states are obtained. At last, we pay our attention to the unavoidable effect of field dissipation and show that in most of the above-studied states we may still achieve the cat-like states, however, with attenuated amplitudes.
Summary form only given. We have shown for the first time that large photon-number squeezing of coherent pulses can be produced by a Sagnac loop for a significant range of input energies and that it is larger than predicted for directly spectrally filtered optical fiber solitons. Despite this, we pointed out the similarities between the two schemes. In essence, a Sagnac fiber loop is capable of producing optical pulses closer to true quantum solitons than their coherent counterparts from modelocked lasers.
We investigate the quantum evolution of the pump field in second-harmonic generation under strong pump depletion. Starting from a coherent state, the pump develops a nonclassical phase-space structure resembling a Schrödinger cat state. This behavior originates from phase instability induced by vacuum fluctuations of the harmonic mode. A rigorous quantum analysis has been performed for mean photon numbers up to ⟨n^⟩=100\langle \hat n \rangle = 100⟨n^⟩=100 in pump mode. For larger photon numbers, up to ⟨n^⟩=107\langle \hat n \rangle = 10^{7}⟨n^⟩=107, the dynamics have been analyzed using a classical trajectory method with sampled initial conditions that reproduces the main features of the quantum evolution. The results indicate that nonlinear frequency conversion can generate macroscopic superposition-like states of the pump field. Although the resulting state is not pure due to correlations with the second-harmonic wave, it remains non-classical with negative zones of Wigner function. These results indicate that strongly nonlinear frequency conversion can provide a scalable route toward macroscopic nonclassical states of light.