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Physical Review A

Perfect correlations of three-particle entangled states in cavity QED

K. Wódkiewicz, Liwei Wang, Joseph H. Eberly

Published Apr 1, 1993• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Compared to two-particle states, entangled states of three or four particles can lead to a much stronger test of local realism than is possible with Bell inequalities. It is the purpose of this paper to mention an exactly soluble quantum model in which entanglement of atomic states with cavity photon states leads to a perfectly correlated three-particle state. We demonstrate how to realize this model atom-field system and to create and observe such states, in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.47.3280

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Compared to two-particle states, entangled states of three or four particles can lead to a much stronger test of local realism than is possible with Bell inequalities. It is the purpose of this paper to mention an exactly soluble quantum model in which entanglement of atomic states with cavity photon states leads to a perfectly correlated three-particle state. We demonstrate how to realize this model atom-field system and to create and observe such states, in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics.
We demonstrate how a new exactly soluble cavity QED model can be used to test local realism associated with three-particle entangled states, as proposed by Mermin. These states embody the correlations described by Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) and provide a stronger refutation of local hidden variable theories than is possible with Bell inequalities. It is shown that two photons distributed in the model’s four cavity modes coupled with a two-level atom can effectively produce three independent spin-1/2 particle states. We discuss preparation of the desired perfectly correlated GHZ state and a method to perform measurement on various field modes and atomic level correlations equivalent to a spin component along any direction.
Summary form only given. Entanglement is one of the most striking features of quantum mechanics and was a source of many debates among the early founders of this theory. More recently, entanglement was considered as one of the key points in the field of quantum information processing. Those potential applications require however the deterministic production of entanglement implying a large number of subsystems. Spontaneous phenomena, generally used to entangle 2 systems, are therefore not easily extendable towards those requirements. Recent works have succeeded in producing entangled state of three or more particles by using spontaneous parametric down-conversion or a unitary operation on a ensemble of trapped ions. We have created an entangled state between two atoms and a mode of the electromagnetic field stored in a cavity. The particles are separated by centimetric distances, which allows for individual addressing. The entangled state is prepared by unitary reversible operations acting on one or two of the particles at the same time. The analysis of the state is performed by detecting correlations between individual observables.
All previous tests of local realism have studied correlations between single-particle measurements. In the present experiment, we have performed a Bell experiment on three particles in which one of the measurements corresponds to a projection onto a maximally entangled state. We show theoretically and experimentally that correlations between these entangled measurements and single-particle measurements are too strong for any local-realistic theory and are experimentally exploited to violate a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-Bell inequality by more than 5 standard deviations. We refer to this possibility as "entangled entanglement."