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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Multiple peaks due to EIT and Autler-Townes effect in lambda-probing of the strongly driven 5P 3/2 manifold of cold85Rb atoms in MOT

E. Paul-Kwiek, Małgorzata Głódź, K. Kowalski, Jerzy Szonert, S. Gateva, Kapka Vaseva

Published Oct 8, 2010• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (A-T) effect were studied under conditions of strong coupling of the hyperfine manifold 5P3/2 (F') with the 5S 1/2 (F=2) ground state of cold 85Rb atoms in MOT. Transmission spectra of a weak probe beam, at the frequency scanned in the vicinity of the 5S1/2(F=3)→5P3/2(F') resonances were registered at various frequency settings of the coupling beam. The spectra were interpreted by applying optical Bloch equations. As a starting point, a 5-level model, accounting for F=2, 3 and F'=1, 2, 3 states was assumed (the noncoupled state F'=4 being neglected, but the F'=1 state, coupled but not directly probed, included, as its presence was found to be imprinted in the spectra). Such a model alone does not reproduce all the spectral features observed. Therefore we have considered the existence of the polarized light induced transitions between Zeeman substates, involving (F'=2, m') and (F'=3, m') upper states. In order to indirectly account for the m→m' absorption transitions to the non-coupled m' states, and to the pairs of states with incomplete coupling, we have complemented the results of the 5-level model with the ones of its reduced versions. Satisfactory agreement of the positions of respective modeled and experimental spectral peaks was achieved.

DOI
10.1117/12.883020

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Physica Scripta•Sep 22, 2023•1 citation
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (A-T) effect were studied under conditions of strong coupling of the hyperfine manifold 5P3/2 (F') with the 5S 1/2 (F=2) ground state of cold 85Rb atoms in MOT. Transmission spectra of a weak probe beam, at the frequency scanned in the vicinity of the 5S1/2(F=3)→5P3/2(F') resonances were registered at various frequency settings of the coupling beam. The spectra were interpreted by applying optical Bloch equations. As a starting point, a 5-level model, accounting for F=2, 3 and F'=1, 2, 3 states was assumed (the noncoupled state F'=4 being neglected, but the F'=1 state, coupled but not directly probed, included, as its presence was found to be imprinted in the spectra). Such a model alone does not reproduce all the spectral features observed. Therefore we have considered the existence of the polarized light induced transitions between Zeeman substates, involving (F'=2, m') and (F'=3, m') upper states. In order to indirectly account for the m→m' absorption transitions to the non-coupled m' states, and to the pairs of states with incomplete coupling, we have complemented the results of the 5-level model with the ones of its reduced versions. Satisfactory agreement of the positions of respective modeled and experimental spectral peaks was achieved.
We calculate electric susceptibility of a laser-dressed atomic medium.The model adopted in this work refers to the experiment with cold 85 Rb atoms, where the states F′ = 1, 2, 3 of the hyperfine manifold 5P 3/2 (F′) are strongly coupled with the ground state 5S 1/2 (F = 2), and the coupling is probed by a weak probing field from the other ground-state component 5S 1/2 (F = 3).We present a five-level model in which the states F = 2, 3 and F′ = 1, 2, 3 are taken into account, while the noncoupled state F′ = 4 is neglected.The model is used as a starting point to reproduce spectral features observed in the absorption of probe light passing through a cold sample of 85 Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap.Basing on numerical solutions of this model, we have also studied in detail the impact on the probe spectra from the presence of the state F′ = 1 to which probing is forbidden by electric-dipole transition, but coupling is allowed [see, e.g., Proc. of SPIE 8770 (2013) 87700Q].
We have simulated spectra of weak probe absorption from one of two hyperfine structure (hfs) components of an atomic ground state, to a hfs manifold of an upper state. A stronger coupling transition was assumed to bind the other hfs component of the ground state with the same upper hfs manifold. The purpose of this simulation was to study the impact on the spectral features in probe absorption from the presence of a state to which the electric-dipole transition is allowed for coupling, but forbidden for probing. In relation to our other (experimental) work, we considered the D2-line transitions for 85Rb. With coupling from the 5S1/2(F=2) state, as in our experiment, the 5P3/2(F'=1) state is coupled but not-probed from the 5S1/2(F=3) state. In calculations we searched for steady-state solutions of optical Bloch equations assuming a 5-level model and RWA. The collisionless (cold) atoms were considered, and we assumed that decoherence was entirely due to natural decay and exciting lasers' linewidths. We investigated probe absorption spectra as a function of both coupling-field-induced Rabi frequency Ωc, and coupling field detuning from the atomic resonances. The 5-level model spectra were compared with the corresponding spectra result of 4-level model calculations performed by omission of the 5P3/2(F'=1) level. Even for small Ωc values close to the natural linewidth, for some detunings a considerable influence of the 5P3/2(F'=1) state on the spectra was observed which cannot be ignored in interpretations.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) are two similar yet distinct phenomena that modify the transmission of a weak probe field through an absorption medium in the presence of a coupling field, featured in a variety of three-level atomic systems. In many applications it is important to distinguish EIT from ATS splitting. We present EIT and ATS spectra in a three-level cascade system, involving cold cesium atoms in the Rydberg state. The EIT linewidth, γ EIT , defined as the full width at half maximum of the transparency window, and the ATS splitting, γ ATS , defined as the peak-to-peak distance between AT absorption peaks, are used to delineate the EIT and ATS regimes and to characterize the transition between the regimes. In the cold-atom medium, in the weak-coupler (EIT) regime γ EIT ≈ A + B ( + , where Ω c and Ω p are the coupler and probe Rabi frequencies, Γ eg is the spontaneous decay rate of the intermediate 6P 3/2 level, and parameters A and B that depend on the laser linewidth. We explore the transition into the strong-coupler (ATS) regime, which is characterized by the relation γ ATS ≈ Ω c . The experiments are in agreement with numerical solutions of the Master equation. Our analysis accounts for non-ideal conditions that exist in typical realizations of Rydberg-EIT, including laser-frequency jitter, Doppler mismatch of the utilized two-color Rydberg EIT system, and strong probe fields. The obtained criteria to distinguish cold-atom EIT from ATS are readily accessible and applicable in practical implementations.
In this paper we study the nonlinear behavior of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance subject to a coherent driving field. The EIT is associated with a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level system where two hyperfine levels within an electronic ground state are coupled to a common excited state level by a coupling field and a probe field. In addition there is an radio-frequency (rf) field driving a hyperfine transition within the ground state. The paper contrasts two different situations. In one case the rf-driven transition shares a common level with the probed transition and in the second case it shares a common level with the coupled transition. In both cases the EIT resonance is split into a doublet and the characteristics of the EIT doublet are determined by the strength and frequency of the rf-driving field. The doublet splitting originates from the rf-field induced dynamic Stark effect and has close analogy with the Autler-Townes effect observed in three-level pump-probe spectroscopy study. The situation changes when the rf field is strong and the two cases are very different. One is analogous to two $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level systems with EIT resonance associated with each. The other corresponds to a doubly driven three-level system with rf-field-induced electromagnetically induced absorption resonance. The two situations are modeled using numerical solutions of the relevant equation of motion of density matrix. In addition a physical account of their behaviors is given in terms of a dressed state picture.
Observation of dual electromagnetically induced transparencies in cold 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb atoms
We have observed two dual electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra in probe transmission through cold 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). These dual EIT peaks are generated in two different N-systems formed by probe, coupling and control beams interacting with different levels in D2D_{2}D2​ line transitions of 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb atom. The dependence of spectral features of two N-systems on driving beams (\textit{i.e.} coupling and control beams) strength and detuning has been investigated. The results show that the dual EIT spectral features in both the N-systems can be manipulated by varying the strength and detuning of both the driving beams. The two N-systems have been modelled theoretically using a density matrix formalism and results have shown a reasonable agreement with the experimental observations.
Abstract The probe field propagation through a twelve-level Ξ type atomic system, having two ground energy levels, four intermediate energy levels and six upper energy levels, is studied theoretically in presence of a control field connected from intermediate energy levels to upper energy levels of the 6 S 1 / 2 → 6 P 3 / 2 → 6 D 5 / 2 transitions of 133Cs atom. Optical Bloch equations (OBEs) for the system are derived by density matrix formalism and are solved numerically under Doppler free and Doppler broadened conditions. The control field can simultaneously remain resonant or nearly resonant with certain hyperfine transitions and highly detuned with respect to other transitions. Under Doppler free condition the probe absorption curve shows multiple electromagnetically induced transparency peaks (EIT) formed within largely separated Autler-Towns (A-T) peaks. The A-T peaks are formed due to the dressing of the hyperfine transitions coupled by a highly detuned control field. The EIT windows get widened with increase in the Rabi frequency of the control field. The numerical result is compared with analytically solved reduced three-level Ξ type system. At room temperature the multiple transparency peaks get masked due to thermal averaging and an overall transparency like feature appears in the simulated Doppler broadened probe absorption curve.