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European Conference on Optical Communication

Compression of femtosecond pulses into dissipative few-cycle optical solitons in coherent nonlinear resonant media

Stefan W. Wabnitz, Nikolay N. Rosanov, Victor V. Kozlov

Published Sep 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A composite resonant material consisting of amplifying and absorbing two-level quantum dots in a semiconductor host with conductive loss compresses a femtosecond pulse down to one-two optical cycles forming stable solitons.
DOI
10.1109/ecoc.2010.5621454

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The propagation of self-induced transparency video pulses is studied in a waveguide containing two-level atoms of two types, which can either amplify or absorb pulses. It is shown that the amplified pulse can be compressed down to the duration comparable with the inverse frequency of the atomic transition (a few femtoseconds) along with the increase in the peak amplitude. The mechanisms restricting the compression of amplified self-induced transparency pulses are analysed (the introduction of the third atomic level and the use of the Bragg grating of the waveguide refractive index).
Squeezed light is usually generated using passive nonlinear materials. Semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers (SOAs) also offer nonlinearities but they differ in that they add amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Squeezing to below the vacuum level has been demonstrated in a semiconductor laser, and gain saturation in SOAs can likewise reduce photon-number fluctuations to, and in some cases below, the vacuum limit. Here, we demonstrate that Rabi oscillations in room-temperature quantum-dot SOAs, induced by short resonant pulses, cause cyclical noise modification that repeat with every change of 2pi in pulse area, corresponding to a fourfold increase in excitation pulse energy. Homodyne measurements reveal in those cases elliptical Wigner functions corresponding to squeezed thermal states and in certain regimes, the state is squeezed to below the vacuum level. At other pulse areas, the Wigner functions are circular representing thermal coherent states. This periodic behavior persists over two orders of magnitude in input pulse energy, spanning several 2pi cycles. Under specific bias and excitation conditions, we further observe a non-Gaussian Wigner function featuring two bright lobes. Although its precise nature remains unresolved, this structure may be consistent with a Schrodinger cat - like state whose accompanying negativity is suppressed due to an approximately 10 dB optical output loss. Notably, the emergence of this non-Gaussian state is itself periodic in excitation pulse energy.