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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum computing using electron-nuclear double resonances

Charles M. Bowden, Jonathan P. Dowling, Steven P. Hotaling

Published Jul 1, 1997• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the use of Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) techniques in quantum computing. ENDOR resolution as a possible limiting factor is discussed. It is found that ENDOR and double-ENDOR techniques have sufficient resolution for quantum computing applications.
DOI
10.1117/12.277657

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In this work, we have been working on the concept of quantum entanglement. At first, we studied the theory of entanglement in its characterization and measurement, introducing a new scheme for detection of entanglement. The new approach links molecular-spin entities involving nuclear spins to quantum computing as more appropriate physical systems of interest. Then, we continued with the realization of entanglement in experiments. NMR has been the first choice due to its well approved advantages for quantum computing. NMR, however, has not been an appropriate system for demonstrating entangled states. Through a mathematical proof, NMR with low spin polarization has been invalidated for true implementations of non-local quantum algorithms, particularly supserdense coding. The point is that high spin polarization is inevitably required to acquire entanglement while in the current NMR it has been a formidable task to get highly polarized nuclear spins. In order to acquire high spin polarization, introducing electron spins can be much effective because of its three-order-of-magnitude larger gyromagnetic ratio compared to nuclear spins. Electron Nuclear DOuble Resonance (ENDOR) is spin manipulation technology that enables us to deal with both electron and nuclear spins. Thus, in this context, it can be more appropriate device for quantum computing. We emphasize that (pseudo)entanglement and interconversion between the entangled states have been realized with ENDOR on extremely stable organic molecular-spin entities. The required experimental conditions to obtain true quantum entanglement are also discussed. The appropriate entanglement witness for the corresponding ensemble quantum computing is introduced and examined.
In this article we consider nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as an example of a quantum technology; we consider in particular detail the implementation of quantum computers using NMR. We begin by outlining the physical principles underlying NMR, and give an introduction to the quantum mechanics involved. We next discuss the general characteristics of quantum technologies and the ways and extent to which these characteristics are expressed in NMR. We then give an introduction to the subject of quantum computation and its implementation using NMR. Finally, we describe some spectroscopy techniques which also exploit the quantum nature of NMR.
Silicon carbide (SiC) in its various structural modifications is widely used in power semiconductor electronics, operating under extreme conditions of high temperature, high voltage, and intense radiation. The discovery of spin defects (S>0) with unique optical and coherent properties has further positioned SiC as a promising platform for quantum technologies. Here, we investigate a 6H-SiC single crystal co-doped with nitrogen and beryllium at concentrations of 1018 cm-3, using continuous-wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR). To enhance spectral resolution, experiments were conducted in the W-band (94 GHz; B = 3.4 T). Pulsed EPR identified nitrogen donors and beryllium acceptors in various lattice positions, allowing for the determination of their phase coherence and spin-lattice relaxation times. ENDOR measurements elucidated the electron-nuclear interactions with the local silicon and carbon environment, including distant coordination spheres. The observed hyperfine structures indicated highly delocalized spin density within the supercell. The TRIPLE resonance spectra verify coupled nuclear spin subspaces from different coordination spheres due to defect spin density. These results demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating dual impurities with distinct functional roles while preserving the crystal lattice`s structural features.