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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Deterministic Quantum Key Distribution with Pulsed Homodyne Detection

Chuan Xi Wang, Wanying Wang, Qing Ai, Long Gui-Lu

Published Jan 1, 2010• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a deterministic quantum communication protocol using weak coherent states and pulsed homodyne detection. In this protocol, the communication parties exchange their secret information deterministically in two rounds. The devices and efficiency of the protocol are discussed respectively. We also show the security of the protocol against intercept-resend and Trojan–Horse eavesdropping attacks.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/53/1/15

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In this paper, we propose a deterministic quantum communication protocol using weak coherent states and pulsed homodyne detection. In this protocol, the communication parties exchange their secret information deterministically in two rounds. The devices and efficiency of the protocol are discussed respectively. We also show the security of the protocol against intercept-resend and Trojan–Horse eavesdropping attacks.
Deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) can transmit secret messages between two parties without first generating a shared secret key. Compared with quantum key distribution (QKD), DSQC avoids the waste of qubits arising from basis reconciliation and thus reaches higher efficiency. In this paper, based on data block transmission and order rearrangement technologies, we propose a DSQC protocol. It utilizes a set of single d-level systems as message carriers, which are used to directly encode the secret message in one communication process. Theoretical analysis shows that these employed technologies guarantee the security, and the use of a higher dimensional quantum system makes our protocol achieve higher security and efficiency. Since only quantum memory is required for implementation, our protocol is feasible with current technologies. Furthermore, Trojan horse attack (THA) is taken into account in our protocol. We give a THA model and show that THA significantly increases the multi-photon rate and can thus be detected.
We report an experimental quantum key distribution that utilizes pulsed homodyne detection, instead of photon counting, to detect weak pulses of coherent light. Although our scheme inherently has a finite error rate, homodyne detection allows high-efficiency detection and quantum state measurement of the transmitted light using only conventional devices at room temperature. Our prototype system works at $1.55\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ wavelength and the quantum channel is a 1-km standard optical fiber. The probability distribution of the measured electric-field amplitude has a Gaussian shape. The effect of experimental imperfections such as optical loss and detector noise can be parametrized by the variance and the mean value of the Gaussian distribution.