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Physical Review A

Modification of the photoelectron angular distribution through laser-induced continuum structure

Takashi Nakajima, Gabriela Buică

Published Jan 19, 2005• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate how the photoelectron angular distribution is altered by the introduction of a dressing laser. The physical mechanism underlying this alteration is the so-called laser-induced continuum structure; namely, a strong dressing laser induces quantum mechanical interference, the degree of which is different for different ionization channels. Therefore the branching ratio into different ionization channels changes as a function of laser detuning, and accordingly the photoelectron angular distribution is altered. After a general argument, we present specific theoretical results for the K atom, which indeed exhibit significant modification of the photoelectron angular distribution.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.71.013413

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Sep 13, 1999•31 citations
We theoretically investigate how the photoelectron angular distribution is altered by the introduction of a dressing laser. The physical mechanism underlying this alteration is the so-called laser-induced continuum structure; namely, a strong dressing laser induces quantum mechanical interference, the degree of which is different for different ionization channels. Therefore the branching ratio into different ionization channels changes as a function of laser detuning, and accordingly the photoelectron angular distribution is altered. After a general argument, we present specific theoretical results for the K atom, which indeed exhibit significant modification of the photoelectron angular distribution.
We theoretically investigate the effects of laser polarization on the photoelectron angular distribution through laser-induced continuum structure. We focus on a polarization geometry where the probe and dressing lasers are both linearly polarized and change the relative polarization angle between them. We find that the total ionization yield and the branching ratio into different ionization channels change as a function of the relative polarization angle, and accordingly the photoelectron angular distribution is altered. We present specific results for the $4{p}_{1∕2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}6{p}_{1∕2}$ and $4{p}_{3∕2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}6{p}_{3∕2}$ systems of the K atom and show that the change of the polarization angle leads to a significant modification of the photoelectron angular distribution.
The influence of laser-induced continuum structure on the angular distribution of photoelectrons is studied in the femtosecond time domain by direct numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. Control of the photoelectron angular distribution is demonstrated for the hydrogen atom by coherent population transfer from the initial S-state to an excited D-state via the p-continuum and further ionization into the f-continuum states. A direct optimization procedure is used to find a domain of laser parameters, for which the efficiency of the control with respect to the time delay and energy detuning between the laser pulses is maximized.
We report on the observation of the modification of the two spin-orbit ionization continua of Xe through laser-induced continuum structure (LICS). The radiative decay of the Xe ground state into the two electronic continua that correspond to the two fine-structure levels of the ground state of the Xe+{\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}Xe+ ion can be varied by electromagnetically embedding a bound state of the atom into the two continua. The dressed 2P1/2{}^{2}{P}_{1/2}2P1/2​ continuum, probed from the atomic ground state through three-photon absorption, exhibits a clear induced structure, while the 2P3/2{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}2P3/2​ continuum possesses no observable structure under the present experimental conditions, as manifested through high-resolution photoelectron spectra. The modified ionization ratio is controlled by the wavelength of the dressing field.
We report on the observation of the modification of the final status products in a photoionization of the Xe atom through the coherent process of laser-induced continuum structure (LICS). The photoionization decay of the Xe ground state into the two electronic continua, corresponding to the two fine structure levels of the ground state of the Xe ion, is varied by embedding a bound state into the two continua through a laser field (dressing laser). The dressed continua, probed from the atomic ground state through three-photon absorption, exhibit different induced structures. The experiment is performed on an atomic beam apparatus which uses a time-of-flight spectrometer for energy analyzing the emitted photoelectrons. The modified final state amplitudes are controlled by the wavelength of the dressing laser. No significant modification of the 2P3/2 continuum has been observed, in the limit of the detection efficiency. The effect is characterized by a window resonance in the slow electron continuum as the dressing laser is tuned over the LICS resonance.
We investigate the role of spin-orbit interaction in the production of spin-polarized photoelectrons under the influence of a dressing laser. Although the scheme considered here is essentially based on the laser-induced continuum structure, it turns out that special care has to be taken for the spin states in the continua. This is because the spin-orbit interaction in the continuum cannot be neglected for our specific case. After the derivation of the general formula, specific theoretical results are presented for Rb and Cs atoms. Enhancement about a factor of 2 in the degree of spin polarization has been predicted for both systems by the introduction of a dressing laser.
We present experimental results on the modification of a molecular ionization continuum through a laser-induced continuum structure. The effect is demonstrated in nitric oxide where the resonant 2 + 1 multiphoton-ionization process of the X 2 3/2 electronic ground state is modified by dressing the continuum with the electromagnetically embedded M 2 + Rydberg state. Through selection of a two-photon rovibronic transition via the D electronic state, a single rotational ground state level is excited to the continuum with one laser field. By adding an extra dressing field, a coupling is then established between this three-photon excited ground state level and one of the M state rotational levels. The modification due to the dressed continuum results in a modification of the ground state level ionization signal in one of the decay channels where an asymmetric line-shape resonance is electromagnetically induced. Limiting effects due to ac-Stark shifts are discussed.