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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Four-wave mixing under double-resonance conditions

Michele Crance, L Armstrong

Published Dec 28, 1982• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors study four-wave mixing when both the two-photon transition between the ground state and an excited state mod 0> and the one-photon transition between that excited state and an autoionising state mod 1> are nearly resonant. When mod 0> and mod 1> are strongly coupled, one of the eigenstates resulting from their mixing is almost stable against ionisation under certain conditions of frequency and intensity. The authors show that in this case an efficient frequency conversion should be obtained, since losses due to ionisation are expected to be strongly reduced.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/15/24/020

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The authors study four-wave mixing when both the two-photon transition between the ground state and an excited state mod 0> and the one-photon transition between that excited state and an autoionising state mod 1> are nearly resonant. When mod 0> and mod 1> are strongly coupled, one of the eigenstates resulting from their mixing is almost stable against ionisation under certain conditions of frequency and intensity. The authors show that in this case an efficient frequency conversion should be obtained, since losses due to ionisation are expected to be strongly reduced.
The authors study doubly resonant multiphoton ionisation induced by two laser fields. The first field produces a near-resonant multiphoton transition between the ground state g and a discrete state 0. The second field is nearly resonant with a one-photon transition between 0 and an autoionising state 1. The spontaneous emission of both excited states is taken into account. The authors discuss and compare the spectral profiles expected for ionisation probability and fluorescence from state 1 when the first step laser is scanned.
We study two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM) in a dressed cascade four-level system. In the presence of a strong coupling field, the two-photon resonant NFWM spectrum exhibits Autler-Townes splitting, accompanied by either suppression or enhancement of the NFWM signal. Such phenomena are demonstrated in Ba through inducing of atomic coherence between the ground state 6s26{s}^{2}6s2 and the doubly excited autoionizing Rydberg state 6pnd6pnd6pnd. This technique provides a spectroscopic tool for measuring not only the resonant frequency and dephasing rate but also the transition dipole moment between two highly excited atomic states.
The theory of resonant and non-resonant three-photon ionisation of a multi-level atomic system illuminated by a not too intense source (in a sense which is defined precisely in the text) with a Lorentzian spectrum is presented. The following new results are obtained: (i) the authors find different expressions for the non-resonant ionisation probability under monochromatic and broad band excitation; (ii) in addition to the usual one- and two-photon resonances connecting the ground state to excited states, the resonance which occurs when the photon energy is equal to the difference in energy between two excited states is discussed; and (iii) the triple resonance (that is the resonance occurring when the conditions for a one-photon and two-photon resonance are simultaneously satisfied) is examined.
Efficient frequency conversion of photons has important applications in optical quantum technology because the frequency range suitable for photon manipulation and communication usually varies widely. Recently, an efficient frequency conversion system using a double- Λ four-wave mixing (FWM) process based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has attracted considerable attention because of its potential to achieve a nearly 100% conversion efficiency (CE). To obtain such a high CE, the spontaneous emission loss in this resonant-type FWM system must be suppressed considerably. A simple solution is to arrange the applied laser fields in a backward configuration. However, the phase mismatch due to this configuration can cause a significant decrease in CE. Here, we demonstrate that the phase mismatch can be effectively compensated by introducing the phase shift obtained by two-photon detuning. Under optimal conditions, we observe a wavelength conversion from 780 to 795 nm with a maximum CE of 91.2 % ± 0.6 % by using this backward FWM system at an optical depth of 130 in cold 87 Rb atoms. The current work represents an important step toward achieving low-loss, high-fidelity quantum frequency conversion based on EIT.
We propose an efficient four-wave mixing (FWM) scheme in asymmetric semiconductor quantum wells (SQWs) via two-photon resonance. By using the coupled Schrödinger–Maxwell formalism, we derive explicitly the corresponding analytical expressions of the inter-probe pulse and generated FWM field in the linear regime under the steady-state condition. With the aid of cross coupling between one ground state and two closely adjacent excited states, the efficiency of the generated FWM field is found to be significantly enhanced, up to 60%. More interestingly, a wide region of the maximum FWM efficiency is demonstrated as the ratio of transition dipole moments is within the values ranging from 1.1 to 1.3, which can be maintained for a certain propagation distance (i.e. 100 μ m).