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AIP conference proceedings

Robustness of bipartite Gaussian entanglement subject to channel losses

Alessandro S. Villar, F. A. S. Barbosa, A. S. Coelho, A. J. de Faria, K. N. Cassemiro, P. Nussenzveig, M. Martinelli, Timothy C. Ralph, Ping Koy Lam

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Entanglement as a collective property of quantum systems follows its own dynamics as environmental disturbances enter the quantum channel. It can either withstand undesired external influences or completely vanish even for very small disturbances. Only the first kind of quantum states are suitable for real applications in quantum networks. We show the conditions under which a bipartite Gaussian state remains entangled under partial energy loss of one party.

DOI
10.1063/1.3630196

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Entanglement as a collective property of quantum systems follows its own dynamics as environmental disturbances enter the quantum channel. It can either withstand undesired external influences or completely vanish even for very small disturbances. Only the first kind of quantum states are suitable for real applications in quantum networks. We show the conditions under which a bipartite Gaussian state remains entangled under partial energy loss of one party.
Entanglement in bipartite continuous-variable systems is investigated in the presence of partial losses such as those introduced by a realistic quantum communication channel, e.g., by propagation in an optical fiber. We find that entanglement can vanish completely for partial losses, in a situation reminiscent of so-called entanglement sudden death. Even states with extreme squeezing may become separable after propagation in lossy channels. Having in mind the potential applications of such entangled light beams to optical communications, we investigate the conditions under which entanglement can survive for all partial losses. Different loss scenarios are examined, and we derive criteria to test the robustness of entangled states. These criteria are necessary and sufficient for Gaussian states. Our study provides a framework to investigate the robustness of continuous-variable entanglement in more complex multipartite systems.
Entanglement in bipartite continuous-variable systems is investigated in the presence of partial losses, such as those introduced by a realistic quantum communication channel, e.g. by propagation in an optical fiber. We find that entanglement can vanish completely for partial losses, in a situa- tion reminiscent of so-called entanglement sudden death. Even states with extreme squeezing may become separable after propagation in lossy channels. Having in mind the potential applications of such entangled light beams to optical communications, we investigate the conditions under which entanglement can survive for all partial losses. Different loss scenarios are examined and we derive criteria to test the robustness of entangled states. These criteria are necessary and sufficient for Gaussian states. Our study provides a framework to investigate the robustness of continuous-variable entanglement in more complex multipartite systems.
The extremality of Gaussian states is exploited to show that Gaussian states are the most robust, among all possible bipartite continuous-variable states at fixed energy, against disentanglement due to noisy evolutions in Markovian Gaussian channels involving dissipation and thermal hopping. This proves a conjecture raised recently [M. Allegra, P. Giorda, and M. G. A. Paris, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 100503 (2010)], providing a rigorous validation of the conclusions of that work. The problem of identifying continuous-variable states with maximum resilience to entanglement damping in more general bosonic open-system dynamical evolutions, possibly including correlated noise and non-Markovian effects, remains open.
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A quantum system may suffer from local noises in experiment, and be disturbed partially or completely. In practice, sometimes the multipartite quantum system lose some parts due to local noises, and in this case it is interesting to know whether the residual system still carry information or not. Robust quantum states have the ability to carry on information after the loss of some partites. In this paper, we study 2×N×M2 \times N \times M2×N×M class of quantum states and identify all robust and fragile states with respect to loss of qubit. We also show the robustness of the 2×N×M2 \times N \times M2×N×M robust quantum system after the loss of qubit.
This thesis explores ways in which quantum channels and correlations (of both classical and quantum types) manifest themselves, and also studies the interplay between these two aspects in various physical settings. Quantum channels represent all possible evolutions of states allowed by quantum mechanics while correlations are intrinsic (nonlocal) properties of composite systems. There are four main problems that are addressed (i) the role played by initial system-bath correlations on the subsystem dynamics of an open quantum system, (ii) computation of correlations for two-qubit X-states, (iii) the robustness of non-Gaussian entanglement under symmetric local noisy attenuator and amplifier channels, and finally, (iv) the connection between nonclassicality breaking and entanglement breaking for single-mode bosonic Gaussian channels.
When some of the parties of a multipartite entangled pure state are lost, the question arises whether the residual mixed state is also entangled, in which case the initial entangled pure state is said to be robust against particle loss. In this paper, we investigate this entanglement robustness for NNN-qubit pure states. We identify exhaustively all entangled states that are fragile, i.e., not robust, with respect to the loss of any single qubit of the system. We also study the entanglement robustness properties of symmetric states and put these properties in the perspective of the classification of states with respect to stochastic local operations assisted with classic communication (SLOCC classification).