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Physical Review

Intensity Modulation of Transmitted Light at the Ground-State Hyperfine Frequency of K39

Arthur H. Firester, Thomas R. Carver

Published Dec 5, 1967• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper discusses intensity modulation of transmitted light at 462 MHz due to coherence between sublevels of the ${\mathrm{K}}^{39}$ ground state. A concise theory of transmitted-light modulation is presented, using the density-matrix and monitoring-operator formalism. The theory and construction of an ultrahigh-frequency photodetection system is described. The auxiliary apparatus is also described, together with experimental conditions under which signals have been observed. It is suggested that a possible application of this technique is a wide-range magnetometer.

DOI
10.1103/physrev.164.76

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Acta Physica Polonica A•Nov 1, 2007•2 citations
This paper discusses intensity modulation of transmitted light at 462 MHz due to coherence between sublevels of the K39{\mathrm{K}}^{39}K39 ground state. A concise theory of transmitted-light modulation is presented, using the density-matrix and monitoring-operator formalism. The theory and construction of an ultrahigh-frequency photodetection system is described. The auxiliary apparatus is also described, together with experimental conditions under which signals have been observed. It is suggested that a possible application of this technique is a wide-range magnetometer.
4^44He (2 3^33S1_11​) metastable atoms are optically pumped with intensity modulated light. The use of a single mode diode-pumped LNA laser as the pumping source, allows the study of resonance signals predicted by the optical pumping theory but not yet observed. Resonances are detected on the transmitted pumping beam at the modulation frequency and its harmonics. Application of this method to high sensitivity magnetometers is suggested.
In recent years diode laser sources have become widespread and reliable tools in magneto-optical spectroscopy. In particular, laser-driven atomic magnetometers have found a wide range of practical applications. More recently, so-called magnetically silent variants of atomic magnetometers have been developed. While in conventional magnetometers the magnetic resonance transitions between atomic sublevels are phase-coherently driven by a weak oscillating magnetic field, silent magnetometers use schemes in which either the frequency or the amplitude of the light beam is modulated. Here we present a theoretical model that yields algebraic expressions for the parameters of the multiple resonances that occur when either amplitude-, frequency-, or polarization-modulated light of circular polarization is used to drive the magnetic resonance transition in a transverse magnetic field. The relative magnitudes of the resonances that are observed in the transmitted light intensity at harmonic mmm of the Larmor frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$ (either by DC or phase sensitive detection at harmonics qqq of the modulation frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{mod}}$) of the transmitted light are expressed in terms of the Fourier coefficients of the modulation function. Our approach is based on an atomic multipole moment representation that is valid for spin-oriented atomic states with arbitrary angular momentum FFF in the low light power limit. We find excellent quantitative agreement with an experimental case study using (square-wave) amplitude-modulated light.
Magnetic field and its gradient measurements based on coherent population trapping resonances at the D1 line of 87 Rb are performed by means of coupling two ground-state Zeeman sublevels belonging to different hyperfine levels to a common excited state.Two coherent laser fields with frequency difference of 6.8 GHz are used.They are produced by direct current modulation of a diode laser.The resonance splitting and broadening caused by the applied magnetic field is measured by scanning the laser modulation frequency around the ground-state hyperfine frequency.