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International Journal of Quantum Information

LASER CONTROL OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO-LEVEL ATOMS EMBEDDED IN A PHOTONIC CRYSTAL

Yevgeny V. Radeonychev, A. J. GELMAN

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method of laser control of absorption and dispersion of two-level quantum system (atoms, ions, quantum dots) embedded into photonic band gap (PBG) material via variation of intensity and frequency of an external laser field is proposed. It is shown that in order to provide an effective control, the frequency of atomic transition should be located at the photonic band edge near the bottom of the PBG. The method is based on the laser induced Mollow splitting of the atomic energy levels and strong dependence of the decay rates of the so-called dressed states on the frequency of the Mollow splitting due to photonic band edge. This enables us to control absorption and dispersion of a signal laser field, which is near-resonant to the quantum transition of dopant.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749911007241

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A method of laser control of absorption and dispersion of two-level quantum system (atoms, ions, quantum dots) embedded into photonic band gap (PBG) material via variation of intensity and frequency of an external laser field is proposed. It is shown that in order to provide an effective control, the frequency of atomic transition should be located at the photonic band edge near the bottom of the PBG. The method is based on the laser induced Mollow splitting of the atomic energy levels and strong dependence of the decay rates of the so-called dressed states on the frequency of the Mollow splitting due to photonic band edge. This enables us to control absorption and dispersion of a signal laser field, which is near-resonant to the quantum transition of dopant.
A method of dynamic control of absorption and dispersion of a two-level quantum system (atoms, ions or quantum dots) doping a photonic band gap (PBG) material via variation of the intensity and frequency of an external laser field is proposed. The frequency of an optical transition should be inside a PBG and located near or at a photonic band edge. In this case the laser field 'dresses' the quantum system (Mollow splitting) while the decay rates of the dressed states become very different due to a photonic band edge and depend on the form of spectral density of electromagnetic modes as well as intensity and frequency of the laser field. This enables us to control absorption and dispersion of a signal laser field, which is near resonant to the quantum transition of a dopant.
We studied the effects of a coherent monochromatic resonant laser field driving the transition of a two-level atom embedded in a photonic band gap (PBG) material on the emission dynamics of the atom. When the transition frequency of the atom lies outside a PBG and sufficiently far from the band edge that the emission dynamics of the atom is not normally affected by the gap, the dynamic stark splitting of the upper level of the atom into two dressed states by a sufficiently strong resonant driving field can bring the lower dressed state close enough to the band edge or even inside the gap so as to be affected by the gap, providing a switchable means of extending the novel effects of atom–photon interaction near the edge of a PBG for atomic transitions outside the gap and far from the band edge. The net effect is as if a sufficiently strong resonant field driving a transition of an atom embedded in a PBG actively shifts the PBG close enough to the transition so that the gap affects the emission dynamics associated with the transition.
We demonstrate the coherent control of spontaneous emission for a three-level atom located within a photonic band gap (PBG) material, with one resonant frequency near the edge of the PBG. Spontaneous emission from the three-level atom can be totally suppressed or strongly enhanced depending on the relative phase between the steady-state control laser coupling the two upper levels and the pump laser pulse used to create an excited state of the atom in the form of a coherent superposition of the two upper levels. Unlike the free-space case, the steady-state inversion of the atomic system is strongly dependent on the externally prescribed initial conditions. This non-zero steady-state population is achieved by virtue of the localization of light in the vicinity of the emitting atom. It is robust to decoherence effects provided that the Rabi frequency of the control laser field exceeds the rate of dephasing interactions. As a result, such a system may be relevant for a single-atom, phase-sensitive optical memory device on the atomic scale. The protected electric dipole within the PBG provides a basis for a qubit to encode information for quantum computations. A detailed literature survey on the nature, fabrication and applications of PBG materials is presented to provide context for this research.
The probe absorption-dispersion spectra of a radio-frequency (RF)-driven five-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal are investigated by considering the isotropic double-band photonic-band-gap (PBG) reservoir. In the model used, the two transitions are, respectively, coupled by the upper and lower bands in such a PBG material, thus leading to some curious phenomena. Numerical simulations are performed for the optical spectra. It is found that when one transition frequency is inside the band gap and the other is outside the gap, there emerge three peaks in the absorption spectra. However, for the case that two transition frequencies lie inside or outside the band gap, the spectra display four absorption profiles. Especially, there appear two sharp peaks in the spectra when both transition frequencies exist inside the band gap. The influences of the intensity and frequency of the RF-driven field on the absorptive and dispersive response are analyzed under different band-edge positions. It is found that a transparency window appears in the absorption spectra and is accompanied by a very steep variation of the dispersion profile by adjusting system parameters. These results show that the absorption-dispersion properties of the system depend strongly on the RF-induced quantum interference and the density of states (DOS) of the PBG reservoir.
The coherent control of cooperative spontaneous emission from two identical non-overlapping three-level atoms in the V-configuration located within a photonic band gap (PBG) material with two resonant frequencies near the upper band edge of the PBG and confined to a region small in comparison to their radiation wavelengths but still greater than their atomic sizes is investigated. The dependencies of cooperative effects in which a photon emitted by one atom is reabsorbed by the other atom on the inter-atomic separation, on the initial state of the two-atom system, on the strength of the driving control laser field, and on the detuning of the atomic resonant frequencies from the upper band edge frequency is analyzed so as to identify the conditions for which these cooperative effects are enhanced or inhibited. Cooperative effects between atoms are shown to be influenced more by the PBG than by the nature of the atomic transitions involved. Excited state populations as well as coherences between excited levels are expressed in terms of time-dependent amplitudes which are shown to satisfy coupled integro-differential equations for which analytic solutions are derived under special conditions. Unlike for the case of one atom in a PBG where the fractional non-zero steady state populations on the excited levels as well as the coherence between the excited levels are constants independent of time, in the case of two atoms in PBG these quantities continuously oscillate as a manifestation of beating due to the continuous exchange between the two atoms of the photon trapped by the PBG. The values of these quantities as well as the amplitudes and frequencies of their oscillations depend of the parameters of the system, providing different ways of manipulating the system. The general formalism presented here is shown to recapture the special results of investigations of similar systems in free space when the non-Markovian memory kernels of the PBG are replaced by delta function dependent Markovian memory kernels.
The coherent control of the entanglement between a three-level atom located within a three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic photonic band gap (PBG) material, with one transition frequency near the edge of the PBG, and its radiation field is demonstrated. As a result of quantum interference and photon localization, the entanglement can be decreased or increased depending on the relative phase between the control laser coupling, the two upper levels and the pump laser pulse used to create an excited state of the atom in the form of a coherent superposition of the two upper levels. Unlike the free-space case, the steady-state entanglement is strongly dependent on the externally prescribed initial conditions. This non-zero steady-state entanglement is achieved by virtue of the localization of light in the vicinity of the emitting atom.